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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 major organizational theories
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1. systems
2. classical scientific management theory 3. Human Relation Theory |
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3 perspectives for understanding organizations
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1. Cultural perspective
2. Economic perspective 3. Contingency perspective |
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systems theory is how all parts of
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- how all parts of the organization (subsystems) are interrelated & function together to produce output
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Systems theory has constant
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- constant assessment & adjustment
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Systems Theory
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- organization is more than a sum of all parts
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Systems Theory
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- It is an intricate mechanism where parts work together to take resources (input) & process them into some kind of product or service (output)
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Systems thoery
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- importance of environment & impacts of other systems upon the organization is stressed
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Systems theory
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- more flexible than other theories
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Systems Theory
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- Irrational, Spontaneous interactions are expected
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Classical Scientific Management Theories
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- A Specfically designed, formal structure & a consistent, rigid organizational network of employees
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Classical Scientific Management Theory
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- Each employee has clearly defined task calling for minimal independent functioning
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Classical Scientific Management Theory
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- Supervisors closely scrutinize the worker's activities
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Classical Scientific Management Theory
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- Efficiency is paramount & performance is regulated and measured
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Classical Scientific Management Theory
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- Worker Morale is relatively insignificant
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Classical Scientific Management Theory
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-Administration discourages employee input regarding how organizational goals can best be reached
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Classical Scientific ManagementTheory
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- Employees are required to do hob as quietly & efficiently as possible
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Classical Scientific Management Thoery
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- Traditional bureaucracies operate according...
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Human Relations Theory
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- The role of informal, psychosocial components of organizational functioning on the grounds that satisfied, happy employees will be most productive
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Human Relations Theory
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- Concerned wtih employee morale and productivity, satisfaction, motivation, & leadership & the dynamics of small group behavior
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Human Relations Theory
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- Administration responsible for enhancing workers morale- capable adminstartors vital
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Human Relations Theory
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- The immediate work group (mezzo system)is crucial
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Human Relations Theory
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- Employees encouraged to work cooperatively together & participate in group decision making
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Human Relations Theory
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- Employers enocurage employee input concerning organizationl polices and practices
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Cultural Perspective
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- Assumes each organization develops a unique mixture of values, standards, presumptions, & practices about how things should be done that eventually become a habit
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Cultural Perspective
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- Management & others may not be consciously aware that such patterns & expectations have developed
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Cultural Perspective
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- Beocme ingrained in establishing means of accomplishing tasks & goals
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Cultural Perspective
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- "If it ain't broke, don't fix it"
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Cultural Perspective
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- Result is the establishment of an ideological structure that frames how organizational members think about the organization & how it should work
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Cultural Perspective
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- Tend to view new ideas by shaping them to conform to old tried & true practices
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Economic Perspective
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- How organizations should proceed in whatever way necessary to maximize profits or output
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Adavantage to Cultural Perspective
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- Performance becomes predictable, less effort to develop new approaches
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Disadvantage to Cultural Perspective
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- pressure to retain the old way of through, creativity lessened
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Economic Perspective
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Serious attention is paid to the relationships between inputs or investments & the resulting outputs or production
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Economic Perspective
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- Efficiency is paramount
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Economic Perspective
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- Emphasis is placed on evaluating processes & programs to determine which is the most cost effective, which produces the most results for the least money
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Economic Perspective
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- Frames transactions between management & employees = organization out to get as much as possible, so are employees - thus management must assume that employees are out for their own interests rather than the organziations
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Economic Perspective
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- somewhat resembles scientific managment thoery- however, stresses the examination of numerous alternatives to achieve the same end
- places difficulties for social workers who maintain professional values & ethics - Places primary emphasis on profit & productivity |
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Contingency Perspective
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- Maintains that each element involved in an organization depends on other elements: therefore there is not one general best way to accomplish tasks or goals
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Advantage of Contingency Perspective
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flexibility
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Disadvantage of Contingency Perspective
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Lack of direction
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Nature of organizations
(agency settings) |
- predominantly social work settings
- host settings |
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Lines of authority
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- Formal structure depends on lines of authority
- specific adminstrative & supervisory responsibilities of supervisors for their supervisees - policy usually dictates line of authority in writing |
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Channels of communication
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All agencies have multipe networks of communication channels set up & governed by polciy &/or organizational chart
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Channels of communication
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infomral communications may not follow the chain of command
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Dimensions of power
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organizations have set up similar lines of power that are supposed to follow the lines of authority
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