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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Nociceptors? |
1.pain receptors, free nerve ending (dendrites) found throughout the body 2. nociceptors can respond to mechanical forces such as cutting, crushing, or pinching 3. the can also respond to temperature extremes and certain chemicals |
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What is energy transduction? |
Sensory receptors convert the energy to a stimulus (heat, pressure, motion, light, chemical, etc.) into an electrical signal |
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What is sensory Adaption? |
1. Change in how a sensory receptor responds to a given stimulus 2. Decrease or increase the sensitivity of the receptor 3. Allow animals to discriminate between background stimuli that can be ignored and new information that is important
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What is sensor Perception? |
1. the process of interpreting and organizing sensory information 2. Involves individual personal experiences and memories 3. You may perceive something differently than someone else. |
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What are Mechanoreceptors? |
1. Allow animals to feel, hear, and maintain balance 2. become activated when they change shape 3. continuously provides information about the position and movement of the body and detect what is going on around an inside us |
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What are Tactile receptors? |
1. Merkel cells and Meissners corpscules sense light touch 2. ruffini ending and Pacinian corpuscles are sensitive to heavy/deep pressure |
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What are Proprioceptors? |
1. Give us a sense of where we are 2. Found in muscles and joints 3. important for maintaining balance |
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What are Statocysts? |
1. Found in invertebrates like jellyfish and crayfish 2. A simple equilibrium organ that provides organ that provides information about the orientation of the body |
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What is the Vestibular Apparatus? |
1. is the equilibrium organ in mammals 2. Determines where we are at and where we are going |
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What are the two saclike structure found in the Vestibular Apparatus? |
Saccule and Utricle |
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What is the three ring-like structure called? |
Semicircular canals |
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What do Saccule and Utricle do? |
help determine postition |
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What does semicircular canals do? |
Help determine angular acceleration and where the body is moving |
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What are the function of hair cells? |
detect movement. They contain stereocilia, which are tiny hairs that sway when we move |
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What are the steps in the process of the detection of movement |
1. Tilting the head causes gravity to move the cupula 2. The stereocillia embeded in the cupula move along 3. When the hairs get tilted they release change the amount of neurotransmitters released 4. Nerve cells interpret the chemical message |
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What is endolymph? |
Fluid |
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what is the Ampula |
bulb-like enlargement |
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What is cristae? |
row of hair cells |
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What is the cochlea |
where the auditory receptors are located |
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What is the organ of corti? |
main auditory apparatus |
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How is hearing possible? |
Sound waves are transduced as vibrations transmitted by the ear bones cause fluid to move in cochlea
stimulates the bending of hair cells causing them to release neurotransmitters |
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What are chemoreceptors? |
they are sensory receptors dealing with taste and smell |
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What do taste Chemoreceptors do? |
1. Taste discrimination is important in the survival of an organism 2. Taste buds are found on the tongue and contain taste receptors |
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What are rhodopsins? |
Pigment cells that absorb light energy and transduce it into electrical energy |
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What are Ocelli (and who has them?) |
1. Found in cnidarians and flatworms 2. Detect only light, do not form images |
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What are the photoreceptors that insects and crustaceans have? |
Faceted compound eye containing visual units called ommatidia that produce a mosaic image |
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What are the steps in which light travels through the human eye? |
1. Light enters through the cornea 2. Light is focused by the lens 3. Image is produced on the retina 4. Iris regulates the amount of light |
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What is the human vision process? |
1. Light strikes rhodopsin 2. Rhodopsin signals to close Na+ ion channels 3. Rod cells (photoreceptor) hyperpolarizes 4. Bipolar cell depolarizes 5. Ganglion cell depolarizes |
