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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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data processing system
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primarily concerned with processing numerical data and transactions of data
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data processing system
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serves the most elementary day-to-day activities of an organisation
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data processing system
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is often critical to the survival of an organisation
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data processing system
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us ysed mostly for predefined, structured tasks
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data processing system
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supports the operational level in an organisation
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data processing system
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can have strategic consequences
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data processing system
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usually has high volumes of input and output
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data processing system
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provides data which is summarised into information by systems used by higher levels of management
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data processing system
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needs to be fault tolerant
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uses for data processing systems
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sales and marketing, finance and accounting, human resources
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management information systems
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supports the tactical (middle management) level of an organisation
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management information systems
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often dedicated to a particular area of an organisation
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management information systems
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uses large quantities of input data ptp produce summarised outputs
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management information systems
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allows users to develop their own custom reports to meet specific criteria
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management information systems
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does not predic of deduce
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management information systems
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is good for producing reports for repetitive routine problems eg "what are the current stock and recorder levels
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management information systems
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produces outpuit which is used by executive information systems
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types of MIS
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fixed format, standard reports, hard copy (paper) and soft copy (on screen) reports
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types of MIS
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summary reports, exception reports, periodic reports, on-demand reports
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decision support systems
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interactive system
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decision support systems
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supports, primarily, the tactical level within an organisation
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decision support systems
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provides models, information and data manipulation
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decision support systems
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assists unique and non-recurring, generally unstructured decisions
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decision support systems
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supports analytical work
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decision support systems
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assists multiple decisions and what-if analysis of data
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executive information systems
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supports strategic level within an organisation
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executive information systems
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provides highly graphical, summarised output
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executive information systems
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can access internal and external sources of information
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executive information systems
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allows drill-downs in detail levels below
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executive information systems
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requires a high level of technical support
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executive information systems
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draws on summarised data from DPS, MIS and DSS.
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components of an expert system
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knowledge base - holds facts and rules that can be used to help a person who requires specific help. supports the domain
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components of an expert system
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inference engine - implements the reasoning mechanism and controls the process. creates the how and why justifications
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components of an expert system
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user interface - refquests information from the user and outpute intermediate and final results. in some expert sstems, input is acquird from additional sources.
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operation of an expert system
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user requests information via the user interface; normally in the form of a question
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operation of an expert system
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this is taken as input to the expert system and is passed to the inference engine for processing
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operation of an expert system
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the inference engine interrogates the knowledge base to identify the data required
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operation of an expert system
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the resulting information is passed to the inference engine for future processing
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operation of an expert system
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once the query is complete the reults are passed to the user interface for output
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expert systems in business
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tp preserve expertise that might be lost through retirement, resignation or death of the acknowledged expert
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expert systems in business
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to store information in an active form- to create an organisational knowledge base
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expert systems in business
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to create a mechanism that is not subject to human failings such as fatigue, worry and crisis
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expert systems in business
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to eliminate routine and unsatisfying jobs currently done by people
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expert systems in business
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to enhance the organisation's knowledge base by suggesting solutions to specific problems that are too massive and complex to be analysed by human beings in a short period of time
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what is a network?
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local area network: the computers are geographically close toghether (in the same building)
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what is a network?
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wide area network: the computers are further apart and are connected by telephone wires or radio waves
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what is a network?
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camput-area network: the computers are within a limited geographic area, such as a campus of military base
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what is a network?
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metropolitan-area network: a data network designed for a town or city
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what is a network?
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home-area network: a network contained whithin a users home that connects a personas digital devices such as computer
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network topologies: bus
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the bus topology is easy to implement and extend because all thatis required is a back-bone cable
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