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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Digestion's fab. The body breaks down almost all the food we shove into our mouths, so we can use the nutrients it contains. But it's not easy - lots of different organs have to work together to get the job done. |
Digestion is all about breaking down food. |
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The are two steps to this. This first is quick, the second isn't:
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1) Breaking down the food MECHANICALLY, e.g. Chewing with teeth:
2) Breaking down the food CHEMICALLY - with the help of proteins called enzymes. Enzymes are biological catalysts - this means they speed up the rate of the chemical reactions in the body. |
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Mouth |
Digestion starts here where the teeth have a good old chew and mix the food with saliva. Saliva contains an enzyme ( called amylase ) that breaks down carbohydrates. |
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Oesophagus |
( Food pipe ) Links the mouth to the stomach. |
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Stomach |
Here the food mixes with protease enzymes which digest muscular tissue to move the stomach wall and churn up food. |
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Liver |
The liver makes bile, which breaks fats into tiny droplets ( emulsification ). It's also alkaline to give the right pH for the enzymes in the small intestine. |
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Pancreas |
The pancreas contains glandular tissue, which makes three enzymes: 1) PROTease digests PROTein. 2) CARBOHYDRAse digests CARBOHYDRAtes. 3) LIPase digests LIPids - i.e. fats. |
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Large intestine |
Here water is absorbed - so we don't all shrivel up. |
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Small intestine |
1) This produces more enzymes to further digest proteins, carbohydrates and fats. 2) Food is also absorbed through the gut wall into the blood, which then takes it around the body to wherever it's needed. |
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Rectum |
Food usually contains some materials that we can't digest. This undigested food is stored as faeces. Here the digestion story ends when it plops out of the anus - egestion. |
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Absorption of Food Molecules. |
Big, insoluble food molecules can't pass through the gut wall. So enzymes are used to break up the big molecules into smaller, soluble ones. |
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Insoluble meaning: |
'Insoluble' means 'won't dissolve'. 'Soluble' means 'will dissolve'. |
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The Small Intestine is covered with millions of villi |
Food molecules are absorbed into the blood in the small intestine. The small intestine is lined with tiny finger-like projections called VILLI. |
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The Small Intestine is covered with millions of villi |
Food molecules are absorbed into the blood in the small intestine. The small intestine is lined with tiny finger-like projections called VILLI. |
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Villi are perfect for absorbing food because: |
•They have a thin outer layer of cells. •They have a good blood supply. •They provide a large surface area for absorption. |
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Bacteria are really important in the gut |
~Bacteria are unicellular organisms. ~There are about 100 trillion bacterial cells in the alimentary canal. That's loads. ~Most of these are in the end part of the small intestine and in the large intestine. |
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Some types of bacteria can make you really I'll if they hate into your body, but the bacteria found naturally in your gut actually do a lot of good: |
-They produce enzymes that help to digest food. -They produce useful hormones. -They make useful vitamins, e.g. vitamin K. -They reduce the possibility of harmful bacteria growing in your intestines making you ill. |
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Some types of bacteria can make you really I'll if they hate into your body, but the bacteria found naturally in your gut actually do a lot of good: |
-They produce enzymes that help to digest food. -They produce useful hormones. -They make useful vitamins, e.g. vitamin K. -They reduce the possibility of harmful bacteria growing in your intestines making you ill. |
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The human skeletal is made up of 206 bones and the muscular system has around 640 muscles. Together these systems are really important for allowing you to move around. |
The Skeletal System:
-mandible (jaw) -cranium (skull) -clavicle (collarbone) -backbone -sternum (breast bone) -rib -humerus -ulna -radius -coccyx -carpals -metacarpals -phalanges -patella (kneecap) -fibula -tibia -tarsals -metatarsals -phalanges |
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Some types of bacteria can make you really I'll if they hate into your body, but the bacteria found naturally in your gut actually do a lot of good: |
-They produce enzymes that help to digest food. -They produce useful hormones. -They make useful vitamins, e.g. vitamin K. -They reduce the possibility of harmful bacteria growing in your intestines making you ill. |
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The human skeletal is made up of 206 bones and the muscular system has around 640 muscles. Together these systems are really important for allowing you to move around. |
The Skeletal System:
-mandible (jaw) -cranium (skull) -clavicle (collarbone) -backbone -sternum (breast bone) -rib -humerus -ulna -radius -coccyx -carpals -metacarpals -phalanges -patella (kneecap) -fibula -tibia -tarsals -metatarsals -phalanges |
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Bones are made from different types of tissues:
•The outer layer of bone is made from really strong and hard tissue - this makes bones rigid (they can't bend).
•The inner layer is made from more spongy tissue, but it's all still strong. |
The skeletal system has four main functions: |
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Some types of bacteria can make you really I'll if they hate into your body, but the bacteria found naturally in your gut actually do a lot of good: |
-They produce enzymes that help to digest food. -They produce useful hormones. -They make useful vitamins, e.g. vitamin K. -They reduce the possibility of harmful bacteria growing in your intestines making you ill. |
|
|
The human skeletal is made up of 206 bones and the muscular system has around 640 muscles. Together these systems are really important for allowing you to move around. |
The Skeletal System:
-mandible (jaw) -cranium (skull) -clavicle (collarbone) -backbone -sternum (breast bone) -rib -humerus -ulna -radius -coccyx -carpals -metacarpals -phalanges -patella (kneecap) -fibula -tibia -tarsals -metatarsals -phalanges |
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Bones are made from different types of tissues:
•The outer layer of bone is made from really strong and hard tissue - this makes bones rigid (they can't bend).
•The inner layer is made from more spongy tissue, but it's all still strong. |
The skeletal system has four main functions: |
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1) Protection |
Bone is rigid and tough so it can protect delicate organs - in particular the brain. |
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Some types of bacteria can make you really I'll if they hate into your body, but the bacteria found naturally in your gut actually do a lot of good: |
-They produce enzymes that help to digest food. -They produce useful hormones. -They make useful vitamins, e.g. vitamin K. -They reduce the possibility of harmful bacteria growing in your intestines making you ill. |
|
|
The human skeletal is made up of 206 bones and the muscular system has around 640 muscles. Together these systems are really important for allowing you to move around. |
The Skeletal System:
-mandible (jaw) -cranium (skull) -clavicle (collarbone) -backbone -sternum (breast bone) -rib -humerus -ulna -radius -coccyx -carpals -metacarpals -phalanges -patella (kneecap) -fibula -tibia -tarsals -metatarsals -phalanges |
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|
Bones are made from different types of tissues:
•The outer layer of bone is made from really strong and hard tissue - this makes bones rigid (they can't bend).
•The inner layer is made from more spongy tissue, but it's all still strong. |
The skeletal system has four main functions: |
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1) Protection |
Bone is rigid and tough so it can protect delicate organs - in particular the brain. |
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2) Support |
1) The skeleton provides a rigid frame for the rest of the body to kind of hang off - kind of like s custom made coat-hanger.
2) All of the soft tissue are supported by the skeleton - this allows us to stand up. |
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3) Production of Blood Cells |
1) Many bones have a soft tissue called bone marrow in the middle of them.
2) Bone marrow produces red blood cells (which carry oxygen around the body) and white blood cells (which help to protect the body from infection). |
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4) Movement |
1) Muscles are attached to bones.
2) The action of muscles allows the skeleton to move.
3) Joints (e.g. knees, elbows) also allow the skeleton to move. |
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|
Some types of bacteria can make you really I'll if they hate into your body, but the bacteria found naturally in your gut actually do a lot of good: |
-They produce enzymes that help to digest food. -They produce useful hormones. -They make useful vitamins, e.g. vitamin K. -They reduce the possibility of harmful bacteria growing in your intestines making you ill. |
|
|
The human skeletal is made up of 206 bones and the muscular system has around 640 muscles. Together these systems are really important for allowing you to move around. |
The Skeletal System:
-mandible (jaw) -cranium (skull) -clavicle (collarbone) -backbone -sternum (breast bone) -rib -humerus -ulna -radius -coccyx -carpals -metacarpals -phalanges -patella (kneecap) -fibula -tibia -tarsals -metatarsals -phalanges |
|
|
Bones are made from different types of tissues:
•The outer layer of bone is made from really strong and hard tissue - this makes bones rigid (they can't bend).
•The inner layer is made from more spongy tissue, but it's all still strong. |
The skeletal system has four main functions: |
|
|
1) Protection |
Bone is rigid and tough so it can protect delicate organs - in particular the brain. |
|
|
2) Support |
1) The skeleton provides a rigid frame for the rest of the body to kind of hang off - kind of like s custom made coat-hanger.
2) All of the soft tissue are supported by the skeleton - this allows us to stand up. |
|
|
3) Production of Blood Cells |
1) Many bones have a soft tissue called bone marrow in the middle of them.
2) Bone marrow produces red blood cells (which carry oxygen around the body) and white blood cells (which help to protect the body from infection). |
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4) Movement |
1) Muscles are attached to bones.
2) The action of muscles allows the skeleton to move.
3) Joints (e.g. knees, elbows) also allow the skeleton to move. |
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The Muscular System |
1) Muscles are attached to the bones via tough bands called tendons.
2) When a muscle contacts it applies a force to the bone it's attached to, which makes the bone move.
3) Muscles are found in pairs round a joint. |
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|
Some types of bacteria can make you really I'll if they hate into your body, but the bacteria found naturally in your gut actually do a lot of good: |
-They produce enzymes that help to digest food. -They produce useful hormones. -They make useful vitamins, e.g. vitamin K. -They reduce the possibility of harmful bacteria growing in your intestines making you ill. |
|
|
The human skeletal is made up of 206 bones and the muscular system has around 640 muscles. Together these systems are really important for allowing you to move around. |
The Skeletal System:
-mandible (jaw) -cranium (skull) -clavicle (collarbone) -backbone -sternum (breast bone) -rib -humerus -ulna -radius -coccyx -carpals -metacarpals -phalanges -patella (kneecap) -fibula -tibia -tarsals -metatarsals -phalanges |
|
|
Bones are made from different types of tissues:
•The outer layer of bone is made from really strong and hard tissue - this makes bones rigid (they can't bend).
•The inner layer is made from more spongy tissue, but it's all still strong. |
The skeletal system has four main functions: |
|
|
1) Protection |
Bone is rigid and tough so it can protect delicate organs - in particular the brain. |
|
|
2) Support |
1) The skeleton provides a rigid frame for the rest of the body to kind of hang off - kind of like s custom made coat-hanger.
2) All of the soft tissue are supported by the skeleton - this allows us to stand up. |
|
|
3) Production of Blood Cells |
1) Many bones have a soft tissue called bone marrow in the middle of them.
2) Bone marrow produces red blood cells (which carry oxygen around the body) and white blood cells (which help to protect the body from infection). |
|
|
4) Movement |
1) Muscles are attached to bones.
2) The action of muscles allows the skeleton to move.
3) Joints (e.g. knees, elbows) also allow the skeleton to move. |
|
|
The Muscular System |
1) Muscles are attached to the bones via tough bands called tendons.
2) When a muscle contacts it applies a force to the bone it's attached to, which makes the bone move.
3) Muscles are found in pairs round a joint. |
|
|
Some types of bacteria can make you really I'll if they hate into your body, but the bacteria found naturally in your gut actually do a lot of good: |
-They produce enzymes that help to digest food. -They produce useful hormones. -They make useful vitamins, e.g. vitamin K. -They reduce the possibility of harmful bacteria growing in your intestines making you ill. |
