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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Formal charge
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Formal charge=# of valence e- - (1/2shared e- + unshared e-)
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sp3
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Four atoms attached to C by sigma bonds. Mix 1s with 3 p orbitals
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sp2
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2s with 2 2p orbitals. Leaves one 2p orbital unhybridized
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Single bond
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sigma
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Double bond
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pi and sigma bond
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Triple bond
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two pi and one sigma
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pKa and acidity
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Lower pKa=higher acidity
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Alkanes
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Hydrocarbon w/ all single bonds
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Alkenes
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Hydrocarbon w/ at least one C-C double bond
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Alkyne
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Hydrocarbon w/ at least one C-C triple bond
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B.P of alkanes
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Increases w/ molecular weight for unbranched.
C1-4: gas at room temp C5-17: liquid at room temp >17: solid at room temp Branching decr. bp b/c decreases surface area for same # of C to interact |
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Melting points of alkanes
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Increase with molec. weight
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Solubility of alkanes in H2O
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Insoluble, soluble in lower polarity solvents.
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Chemical reactivity of alkanes
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Less reactive than other classes of compounds b/c strong bonds b/w C-C and H-H decr. plarity
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Combustion of alkanes
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Redox rxn give CO2 and H2O
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Redox
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LEO says GER
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Torsional strain
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Conformations in which the torsion angles b/w adjacent bonds are other than 60 degrees b/c electron delocalization stabilizes the staggered conformation
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Angle strain
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The strain a molecule has b/c one or more of its bond angles deviate from the ideal value
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Envelope conformation
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Four coplanar C in cyclopentane
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Half chair
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Three coplanar C in cyclopentane
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Chair conformation
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All C-C bonds are at 111 degrees
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Boat conformation
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Looks like an Italian boat
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Heat of combustion
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Lower=more stability
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