Organic Chemistry Terms

Front 1

chemical compounds that are needed to exist

Back 1

organic compounds

Front 2

a chem. formula showing the linkage of atoms in a molecule diagrammatically, (i.e. H-O-H)

Back 2

structural formula

Front 3

a chem. formula that indicates the elements and the amounts of those elements in the molecule

Back 3

molecular formula

Front 4

long chain of large complex molecules

Back 4

macromolecules

Front 5

composed of carbons, and hydrogens and oxygens in a 2:1 ratio

Back 5

carbohydrates

Front 6

single sugar; 3-7 carbon atoms in the skeleton

Back 6

monosaccharide

Front 7

blood sugar; used for energy; most common monosaccharide

Back 7

glucose

Front 8

attaches to sugar

Back 8

phosphate

Front 9

two monosaccharides bonded to form a double sugar

Back 9

disaccharide

Front 10

the most common disaccharide

Back 10

sucrose

Front 11

several glucoses bonded together

Back 11

polysaccharide

Front 12

animal starch; stored in liver and muscles

Back 12

glycogen

Front 13

an inert carbohydrate; the chief constituent of cell walls and plants

Back 13

cellulose

Front 14

a molecule of low molecular wieght; reactive with like molecules

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monomer

Front 15

the combination of monomers

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polymer

Front 16

splitting large molecules apart by adding water

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hydrolysis

Front 17

bonding monomers together by removing water

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dehydration synthesis

Front 18

chaining repeating monomers together to form a macromolecule

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polymerization

Front 19

adding phosphates to compounds in order to bond them together.

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phosphorylation

Front 20

fat

Back 20

lipid

Front 21

simple fat formed by bonding 3 fatty acids and one glycerol

Back 21

triglyceride

Front 22

single bonds join some of the carbon atoms in a fatty acid

Back 22

saturated fatty acids

Front 23

in a fatty acid, double bonds join some of the carbons

Back 23

unsaturated fatty acids

Front 24

type of lipid that forms part of animal cell membranes

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cholesterol

Front 25

50-3000 amino acids joined

Back 25

proteins

Front 26

specialized molecules that assist reaction

Back 26

enzyme

Front 27

small molecules that contain C, H, O, and N

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Amino acid

Front 28

-COOH, linked to amino acids

Back 28

organic acid group

Front 29

covalent bonds formed b/w amino acids

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peptide bond

Front 30

long chains of amino acids

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polypeptide

Front 31

energy used to start a reaction

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activation energy

Front 32

promotes a chemical change w/o itself being used up

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catalyst

Front 33

the part of the enzyme the interacts with the substrate during catalysis

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active site

Front 34

the substance acted on by an enzyme

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substrate

Front 35

an enzyme + the molecule the enzyme is working on attached at the active site of the enzyme

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enzyme-substrate complex

Front 36

RNA and DNA; control the making of proteins; stores genetics info

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nucleic acids

Front 37

5-C sugar (a pentose sugar) a phosphate molecule and a nitrogen base

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nucleotides

Front 38

a purine base, C5H5N5, forms a base pair with thymine

Back 38

adenine

Front 39

a pyrimidine base, C5H6N2O2,, pairs with adenine

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thymine

Front 40

purine base, C5H5N5O, pairs with cytosine

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guanine

Front 41

2 fatty acids combined with a phosphate

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phospholipids

Front 42

a pyrimidine base, C4H5N3O, pairs with guanine

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cytosine

Front 43

crystalline base, C5H4N4,parent of the uric acid group

Back 43

purines

Front 44

a heterocyclic compound, C4H4N2, basis of some biochemical substances

Back 44

pyrimidines