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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Halogenation |
- Anti Addition - Alkene & Halogen2 (Br2, Cl2) |
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Halohydrin Formation |
- anti addition Alkene with Halogen2 in the presence of water makes an Alkane with Halogen & OH Alkene + X2 (Br2/NBS) /H2O---> Halohydrin + HX |
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Oxymercuration (3a) (Hydration) |
- markovnikov Acid catalyzed hydration Alkene + H20 + Acid Catalyst --> Alkane-OH + Acid Catalyst |
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(3b) Oxymercuration - demercuration procedure (hydration) |
- markovnikov addition of H2O 1. Hg (OAc)2, H20/THF 2.NaBH4 forms alkane with OH |
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(3c) Hydroboration (hydration) |
- non-markovnikov & syn addition - Alkene --> alcohol - 2 steps: hydroboration, Oxidation - BH3 (THF solvent) & H2O2 (OH-) |
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(4) Hydrogenation |
- reduction reaction - syn addition of H's - metal catalysts commonly used (Palladium or platinum) Alkene + metal catalyst + H2 ---> Trans Alkane |
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(5a) Epoxidation |
- syn addition - Alkene + peroxyacid (RCO3H) ---> epoxide + acid |
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(5b) Epoxidation (halohydrins) |
Alkene + Cl2/H2O (HO-X) ---> Halohydrin Halohydrin + base (H - OH) ---> epoxide + H2O + HX |
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(6a) Hydroxylation |
- addition of OH group to each of the two double bond carbons --> 1,2 diol (glycol) Epoxide + H3O+ ---> trans 1,2 diol |
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(6b) Hydroxylation (OsO4) |
- syn addition Alkene + 1. OsO4 2. NHSO3, H2O --> Alkene - 2OH (can also use, OsO4, NMO) |
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(7a) Ozonolysis |
- cleavage to carbonyl compounds 1. O3 2. Zn, H3O+ Product - C=O (splits molecule into two halves of double bond) |
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(7b) KMnO4 (cleavage) |
- using hot KMnO4 (cold makes vicilinal diol) - KMnO4 + H3O+ ---> C=O (If H present, makes OH. More than one H, makes CO2) |
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Cleavage of 1,2-diols (periodic acid) |
Alkene + Osmium --> Alkane + 2OH (1,2-diol) diol + HIO4/H2O,THF --> C=O OH groups in open chain - 2 compounds on ring - single dicarbonyl compound formed |
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Formation of Carbene |
Chloroform with strong base (KOH) --> CCl2 + Cl- |
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Simmons-Smith reaction |
Diiodomethane + Zn(Cu) forms cyclopropane by cycloaddition |
