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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hydrocarbons
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compounds whose molecules contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
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Alkanes
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Subgroup of hydrocarbons- whose members do not have multiple bonds between carbon atoms.
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Alkenes
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Hydrocarbons whose molecules have a carbon-carbon double bond.
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Alkynes
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Hydrocarbons whose molecules have a carbon-carbon triple bond.
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Saturated Compounds
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Molecules that have only single bonds because they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms that the carbon can possess.
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Unsaturated Compounds
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Molecules that contain multiple bonds because they possess fewer than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms, and they are capable of reacting with hydrogen under the proper conditions.
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Polar Covalent Bonds
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Present in molecules that contain bonded atoms with different electronegativity values.
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Functional Groups
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Defined groups of atoms in a molecule that usually give rise to the function (reactivity or physical properties) of the molecule.
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Heteroatoms
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Atoms that have unshared electron pairs and from covalent bonds. ex oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
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Electronegativity
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The ability of an element to attract electrons that it is sharing in a covalent bond.
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Dipole/Dipole Moment
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When a molecule/bond has a partially negative end and a partially positive end as a result of the electronegativity of the atoms involved.
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Polar Molecule
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A molecule with a dipole moment.
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Functional Groups of:
Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes |
Alkanes-Do not have a functional group because c-c c-h single bonds are much less reactive.
Alkenes- c-c double bond Alkynes- c-c triple bond |
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Phenyl Group
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When a benzene ring is attached to some other group of atoms in a molecule.
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Benzyl Group
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The combination of a phenyl group and a methylene group.
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Alkyl Halides or Haloalkanes
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A compound in which a halogen atom (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine) replaces a hydrogen atom of an alkane.
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Primary, secondary, and tertiary Alkyl Halides or Haloalkanes
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Based on the carbon that the halogen is directly attached too. Primary- one other carbon is attached to main carbon secondary- two other carbons are attached to the main carbon etc.
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Alcohols
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Characteristic functional group of this family is the hydroxyl group attached to an sp^3-hybridized carbon. Primary, secondary, and tertiary are the same as for Alkyl Halides.
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