Organic Chemistry Exam 1

Front 1

sec-butyl group

Back 1

CH3-CH2-CH-
move over l
move over CH3
(bonded to a secondary butane)

Front 2

alkenes

Back 2

hydrocarbon-double bonded carbons

Front 3

alkynes

Back 3

hydrocarbon- C-C triple bond

Front 4

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Back 4

-have a carbon ring.

Front 5

phenyl group

Back 5

C6H5 ring directly attached to another group of atoms

Front 6

benzyl group

Back 6

C6H5CH2 carbon ring (essentially a C6H5 phenyl ring attached to other atoms via a -CH2- bridge)

Front 7

Alkyl Halides

Back 7

R-X
where X= F, Cl, Br, I
primary, secondary, and tertiary based on how many carbons the C bearing the halogen is bonded to.
Haloalkanes

Front 8

Haloalkanes

Back 8

R-X
where X= F, Cl, Br, I
primary, secondary, and tertiary based on how many carbons the C bearing the halogen is bonded to.
Alkyl Halides

Front 9

Alcohols

Back 9

contains a hydroxyl group (O-H) attached to a sp3 hybridized C.
Water derivative (H replaced by R)
primary, secondary, and tertiary based on how many carbons the C bearing the hydroxyl is bonded to.

Front 10

Ethers

Back 10

Water derivatives with both H replaced by r (alkyl or phenyl). named using the 2 r groups alphabetically, then "ether"

Front 11

Amines

Back 11

Ammonia derivatives.
classification based on number of organic groups attached to the nitrogen.

Front 12

Aldehydes

Back 12

Contains a carbonyl group (c double bonded to O). An aldehyde has one R group and one hydrogen bonded to the carbon as well.

Front 13

ketones

Back 13

Contains a carbonyl group (c double bonded to O). A ketone has two R groups bonded to the C as well.

Front 14

Carboxylic Acids

Back 14

Have a carbonyl (C=O) group bonded to a hydroxyl (O-H) group. In addition, an R group is bonded to the carbonyl C.

Front 15

Esters

Back 15

Carboxylic Acid derivative - the H in the hydroxyl group has been replaced with an R group.

Front 16

Amides

Back 16

Carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom. The nitrogen bears H or R groups.

Front 17

Nitriles

Back 17

R-C triple bonded to N
SP hybridized

Front 18

meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-

Back 18

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 carbons

Front 19

IUPAC Rules

Back 19

-longest carbon chain is the root.
-count carbons from end closest to substituent to form the lowest number sequence
-di-, tri-, tetra- for duplicates
-competing roots, chose the one with more substituents

Front 20

vinyl

Back 20

H2C(double bond)CH-

Front 21

allyl group

Back 21

H2C=CH-CH2-
extended vinyl

Front 22

propyl group

Back 22

Ch3-Ch2-Ch2-

Front 23

isopropyl group

Back 23

CH3-CH-
move l
move CH3

Front 24

butyl group

Back 24

Ch3-Ch2-Ch2-Ch2-

Front 25

alkanes

Back 25

hydrocarbon-no multiple bonds between carbons. remove a hydrogen to create an alkyl group

Front 26

isobutyl group

Back 26

CH3-CH-CH2-
l
CH3

Front 27

tert-butyl group

Back 27

CH3
l
CH3-C-
l
CH3

(bonded to tertiary C)

Front 28

pKA

Back 28

as pKA goes down (toward negative numbers, not small numbers) acid strength goes up.

Front 29

KA

Back 29

the smaller the number, the weaker the acid

Front 30

cycloalkanes

Back 30

substituents are numbered alphabetically. root determined by carbons in chain, even if it is not the circular part, making cyclo a modifier of the substituent.

C-C
l l
C-C

cyclobutane

Front 31

Lewis Acid

Back 31

electrophile
typically gains a negative charge when becoming conj base

Front 32

Lewis Base

Back 32

nucleophile
typically gains a positive charge when becoming conj acid
lone pairs "attack" the nucleus on the acid