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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What functional group has a carbon double bond?
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alkene
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What functional group has a carbon triple bond?
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alkyne
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What functional group has alternating carbon double and single bonds?
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arenes
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Functional groups with carbon singly bond to a(n) _____ atom.
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electronegative
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Func Grp: carbon bonded to a halogen
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alkyl halides
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Func Grp: carbon bonded to an oxygen (form OH)
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alcohols
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Func Grp: carbon bonded to an oxygen (form OR)
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ethers
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Func Grp: carbon bonded to a nitrogen
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amines
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Func Grp: carbon bonded to a sulfur (form SH)
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thiol
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Func Grp: carbon bonded to a sulfur (form SR)
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sulfide
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Func Grp: carbon bonded to a sulfur that is bonded to another sulfur
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disulfides
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Func Grp: carbon bonded to an oxygen of a phosphate
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organophosphates
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In all cases of C-X functional groups, the bonds are _____ with C having a _____ chanrge and the EN atom having a _____ charge.
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polar, partial positive, partial negative
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What are functional groups with a carbon-oxygen double bond called?
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carbonyl groups
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Carbonyl: have at least one oxygen bonded to the C=O
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aldehydes
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Carbonyl: have two carbons bonded to the C=O
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ketones
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Carbonyl: have an OH group bonded the the C=O
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carboxylic acid
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Carbonyl: have an OR group bonded to the C=O
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esters
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Carbonyl: have an amine like nitrogen bonded to the C=O
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Amides
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Carbonyl: have a chlorine bonded to the C=O
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Acid chlorides
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Carbonyl: It is important to note that in all the C=O containing molecule that oxygen contains a _____ charge and the carbon contains a _____ charge.
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partial positive, partial negative
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The alkanes are made up of _____ bonds through _____ bonds.
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carbon-carbon single, sigma
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Alkanes are saturated hydocarbons because they:
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have the maximum amount of hydrogens per carbon
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Alkanes are aliphatic, which means:
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that they are similar to compounds derived from 'fat'
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The alkane general formula?
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CnH2n+2, where n is an integer
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What is an isomer?
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compounds that have the same numbers and kinds of atoms but differ in the way they are arranged.
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What is a constitutional isomer?
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Same formula but the connectivities are different.
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Straight chain alkanes: one carbon
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methane
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Straight chain alkanes: two carbons
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ethane
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Straight chain alkanes: three carbons
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propane
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Straight chain alkanes: four carbons
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butane
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Straight chain alkanes: five carbons
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pentane
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Straight chain alkanes: six carbons
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hexane
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Straight chain alkanes: seven carbons
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heptane
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Straight chain alkanes: eight carbons
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octane
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Straight chain alkanes: nine carbons
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nonane
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Straight chain alkanes: ten carbons
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decane
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If you remove a hydrogen atom from an alkane, the partial structure that remains is called a(n) _____ group.
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alkyl
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The four parts of the IUPAC system
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Prefix-Locant-Parent-Suffix
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IUPAC: The prefix specifies the what?
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location and identity of various substituents in the molecule
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IUPAC: The locant gives the what?
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the location of the primary functional group
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IUPAC: The parent selects a...
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main part of the molecule and tells how many carbon atoms are in that part.
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IUPAC: The suffix...
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identifies the primary functional group
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A primary carbon is...
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bonded to one other carbon
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A secondary carbon is...
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bonded to two other carbons
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As the molecular weight of alkanes get _____, there is an _____ in both boiling and melting point.
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larger, increase
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Why do alkanes get a higher boiling and melting point as molecular weight increases?
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Dispersion forces increase as molecular weight increases
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As alkanes get more branched, their boiling point is _____
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decreased
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Branched chain alkanes are less linear and spherical, meaning...
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they have a smaller surface area and smaller dispersion forces
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The different arrangement of atoms that result from bond rotation are called _____.
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corformations
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What type of projection allows you to view a carbon-carbon bond directly end-on?
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Newman projection
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Steric strain is caused by...
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the repulsive interactions caused by eclipsing bonds on neighboring atoms.
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