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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acid chloride
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an acid derivative with a chlorine atom in place of the hydroxyl group. (p73)
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alcohol
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a compound that contains a hydroxyl group; R--OH. (p71)
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aldehyde
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a carbonyl group with one alkyl group and one hydrogen (p72)
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alkanes
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hydrocarbons containing only single bonds. (p68)
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alkenes
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hydrocarbons containing C=C double bonds (p69)
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alkynes
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hydrocarbons containing triple bonds (p70)
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alkyl group
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a hydrocarbon group with only single bonds; an alkane with one hydrogen removed to allow bonding to another group; symbolized by R. (p69)
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amide
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an acid derivative that contains an amine instead of the hydroxyl group of the acid. (p74)
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amine
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an alkylated analogue of ammonia; r--NH2, R2NH or R3N (p73)
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aromatic hydrocarbons (arenes)
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hydrocargons containing a benzene ring, a six-membered ring with three double bonds. (p70)
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bond dipole moment
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a measure of the polarity of an individual bond in a molecule, defined as mu = (4.8 x d x delta), where mu is the dipole moment in debyes (10^(-10) esu - A), d is the bond length in angstroms and delta is the effective amount of charge separated in units of the electronic charge. (p58)
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carbonyl group
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the functional group as in a ketone or aldehyde (p72)
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carboxyl group
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the --COOH functional gropu as in a carboxylic acid (p72)
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carboxylic acid
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a compund that contains the carboxyl group (p72)
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cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers)
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stereoisomers that differ in their cis-trans arrangement on a ring or a double bond. The cis isomer has similar groups on the same side and the transisomer has similar groups on opposite sides (p57)
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constitutional isomers (structural isomers)
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Isomers whose atoms are connected differently; they differ in their bonding sequence. (p56)
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cyano group
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The ---C(triple bond)N functional group, as in a nitrile. (p74)
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dipole-dipole forces
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attractive intermolecular forces resulting from the attraction of the positive and negative ends of the molecular dipole moments of polar molecules (p62)
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double bond
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a bond containing four electrons between two nuclei. One pair of electrons forms a sigma bond and the other pair forms a pi bond (p44)
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ester
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an acid derivative with an alkyl group replacing the acid proton. (p73)
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functional group
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the reactive, nonalkane part of an organic molecule (p69)
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geometric isomers
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another name for cis-trans isomers (p57)
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hybrid atomic orbital
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a directional orbital formed from a combination of s and p orbitals on the same atom. Two orbitals are formed by sp hybridization, three orbitals by sp^2 hybridization and four orbitals by sp^3 hybridization (p45)
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what is the bond angle of an sp hybrid orbital?
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180 degrees
linear geometry |
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what is the bond angle of an sp^2 orbital?
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120 degrees
trigonal geometry |
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what is the bond angle of an sp^3 orbital?
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109.5 degrees
tetrahedral geometry |
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hydrocarbons
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compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen
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What do you call a hydrocarbon containing only a single bond?
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alkanes
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What do you call a hydrocarbon containing only a double bond?
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alkenes
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What do you call a hydrocarbon containing only a triple bond?
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alkynes
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