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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are primary carbocations?
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When one R group is attached to the positively charged carbon atom.
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What are secondary carbocations?
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When two R group is attached to the positively charged carbon atom.
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What are tertiary carbocations?
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When three R group is attached to the positively charged carbon atom.
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For tertiary, secondary, and primary what is the order of decreasing stability?
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Tertiary, secondary, and primary.
Carbocation will be more stable if the (+) charge is spread out over several atoms |
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Benzene reacts mainly by addition or substitution?
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Substitution
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Benzenes carbon-carbon bond length are?
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1.39 A,
Benzene is planar and each carbon is at the corner of a regular hexagon. |
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What is a sp2 orbital?
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They combine one s and two p orbitals, and only have 3 e-. They happen only when carbon attached to only 3 other atoms.
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The structure of benzene has what type of orbitals?
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sp2 orbitals. Two of these form sigma bonds between adjacent carbon atoms and the third sp2 orbital of each carbon overlaps with with a H 1s orbital to form the C-H sigma bonds.
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What orbitals are perpendicular to the sp2 orbitals in benzene?
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p orbitals containing one e-, all of which overlap laterally to form pi orbitals.
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Aromatic hydrocarbons, as a class, are called?
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arenes
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The symbol Ar is used for the what group?
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aryl group
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The symbol R is used for what group?
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alkyl group
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The phenyl group is..?
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A benzene with a single bond branching off.
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The benzyl group..?
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A benzene with a --CH2--- off the side.
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The stabilization energy, or resonance energy, can be defined as?
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Is the difference between the energy of the real molecule and calculated energy of the most stable contributing structure.
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What are enantiomers?
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Enantiomers are a pair of molecules related as nonsuperimposable mirror images.
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What is a stereogenic carbon or stereogenic center?
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A carbon with four different groups attached to it.
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What are stereoisomers?
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Isomers that have the same oder of attachment of the atoms but different spatial arrangements of atoms.
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