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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What makes a resonance structure contribute more to the hybrid?
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If it has more bonds and fewer charges.
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What's the difference between molecular shape and geometry?
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geometry includes lone pairs
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What kinds of acids can OH deprotonate?
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any acid with pKa<15.7
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What is the relationship between acids, pKa, and reaction favoring?
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The lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. The stronger the acid, the more it drives the reaction away.
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Which is more acidic, NH3 or H2O?
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H2O
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Does acidity increase from left to right or right to left? Why?
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left to right
electronegativity |
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Does acidity increase up or down the PT? Why?
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Down. Size is more important than electronegativity.
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How does hybridization affect acidity?
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more percent s-character = more acidic
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What is the relationship between Lewis Acids and Bronsted Acids?
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All bronsted acids are Lewis acids, not necessarily vice-versa.
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What is the relationship between Lewis bases and Bronsted bases?
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All lewis bases are bronsted bases.
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What makes a leaving group best?
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the weaker a base it is.
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What makes something a good nucleophile?
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-strong base
-not sterically hindered -if in polar protic solvent, bigger is better |
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What nucleophiles are common for Sn2 rxns?
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strong with net negative charge
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What nucleophiles are common for Sn1 rxns?
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weak
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What solvent is best for Sn1?
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protic
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What solvent is best for Sn2?
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aprotic
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What solvent favors E2?
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aprotic
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What solvent favors E1?
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protic
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Does a more substituted carbon increase or decrease the reaction rate of E2?
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increase
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Does a more substituted carbon increase or decrease the reaction rate of E1?
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increase
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What kind of base favors E2?
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strong
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What kind of base favors E1?
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weak
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What starting material is going to favor Substitution over elimination?
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Good nucleophiles that are weak bases: I-, Br-, HS-, -CN, CH3COO-.
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What starting material is going to favor elimination over Substitution?
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Bulky non-nucleophilic bases: KOC(CH3)3, DBU, DBN
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by what mechanism are alcohols and ethers formed?
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Sn2
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What mechanism are secondary and tertiary alcohols dehydrated by?
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E1
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What mechanism are primary alcohols dehydrated by?
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E2
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What's interesting about dehydration of alcohols using POCl3?
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POCl3 attaches itself to the O to make it a good leaving group, then dehydration proceeds by E2.
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