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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aldehyde
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has a CHO formyl group
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ketone
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has two R groups attached to the C=O double bond.
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What are the two definitions of oxidation reactions?
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decrease of C-H bonds
increase of C-X binds |
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What are the two definitions of reduction reactions?
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increase of C-H bonds
decrease of C-X bonds |
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What are the three types of reducing agents?
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H2 with Pd catalyst
H+ and e- separately metal hydroxide reagents (LiAlH4 and NaBH4) |
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What is the heat of hydrogenation used to measure?
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the relative stability of the starting materials.
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What is the stereochemistry of hydrogenation?
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syn (it's on the Pd plate)
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If you hydrogenate a chiral alkene, will you end up with enantiomers or diasteriomers?
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diasteriomers
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What are the two oxidizing agents?
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O-O bonds
O-M bonds |
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What is mCPBA
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most common peroxiacid used in epoxidation
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What is the stereochemistry of dihydroxylation?
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syn or anti
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What is special about ozonolysis?
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it breaks pi bonds and sigma bonds
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What are the pdcts of ozonolysis of alkenes?
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aldehydes and ketones
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What happens with ozonolysis of alkynes?
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you get carboxylic acids (and CO2 in the case of terminal alkynes)
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In oxidation of alcohols, why does PCC stop at aldehyde?
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Because there is no water present to take it to a carboxylic acid.
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What is the stereochemistry of epoxidation?
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syn addition
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What are the reactants used for anti dihydration?
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1. peroxiacid
2. OH |
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Mass Spec theory:
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high energy electrons bombard sample causing it to break apart
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what does an odd molecular weight mean in mass spec?
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it means it has an odd number of N's
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how do you you know if it has Cl in it?
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peaks are 3;1
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how do you know if it has Br in it?
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peaks are 1:1
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c=
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wavelength times freq.
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What energy states are explored in IR?
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vibrational
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C=O
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1700
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sp2 C-H
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>3000
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sp3 C-H
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<3000
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sp C-H
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3100-3200
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O-H
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3200-3600
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Why is OH broad on IR?
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Because of H-bonding
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What are the differences between C and H NMR's?
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C has no splitting
it's less sensitive because it's less abundant you can tell the number of different carbons |
