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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hydrocarbons
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compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen
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alkanes
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a saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula Cn H2n+2
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Normal (straight-chain or unbranched) hydrocarbons
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hydrocarbon without any branches
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structural isomerism
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isomerism in which the isomers contain the same atoms but one or more bonds differ
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combustion reaction
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the vigorous and exothermic reaction that takes place between certain substances, particularly organic compounds, and oxygen
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substitution reaction
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a reaction in which an atom, usually a halogen, replaces a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon
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dehydrogenation reaction
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a reaction in which two hydrogen atoms are removed from adjacent carbons of a saturated hydrocarbon, giving an unsaturated hydrocarbon
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alkenes
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unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond
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alkynes
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unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon triple bond
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addition reaction
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a reaction in which atoms add to a carbon-carbon multiple bond
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hydrogenation reaction
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reaction in which hydrogen is added, with a catalyst present, to a carbon-carbon multiple bond
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halogenation
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the addition of halogen atoms to unsaturated hydrocarbons
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polymerization
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a process in which many small molecules are joined together to form a large molecule
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aromatic hydrocarbons
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one of a special class of cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons, the simplest of which is benzene
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phenyl group
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the benzene molecule minus one hydrogen atom
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hydrocarbon derivatives
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an organic molecule that contains one or more elements in addition to carbon and hydrogen
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functional group
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an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon derivatives that contains elements in addition to carbon and hydrogen
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alcohols
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an organic compound in which the hydroxyl group is a substituent on a hydrocarbon
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phenol
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?
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ketone
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an organic compound containing the carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms
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aldehydes
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an organic compound containing the carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom
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carboxylic acids
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an organic compound containing the carboxyl group; an acid with the general formula RCOOH
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carboxyl group
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the --COOH group in an organic acid
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ester
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the organic compound produced by the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
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amines
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an organic base derived from ammonia in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups
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