Organic Chem-Chapter 11

Front 1

Study of compounds that contain carbon?

Back 1

Organic Chemistry

Front 2

Organic chemicals are everywhere. Organic products can come from _________ and _________ sources.

Back 2

-Natural

-Synthesized

Front 3

Main component in natural gas?

Back 3

Methane

Front 4

The alcohol present in alcoholic beverages?

Back 4

Ethanol

Front 5

All organic compounds contain ________ atoms, and most contain ___________ atoms.

Back 5

-Carbon

-Hydrogen

Front 6

Carbons always form ______________ covalent bonds.

Back 6

4

Front 7

Hydrogen always forms ____________ covalent bonds.

Back 7

1

Front 8

Carbon can form ________, _________, and ________ bonds.

Back 8

-single

-double (4 electrons)

-triple (6 electrons)

Front 9

Organic compounds can contain ________ and or __________.

Back 9

-chains

-rings

Front 10

Elements other than C and H?

Back 10

Heteroatoms

Front 11

Each heteroatom forms a characteristic number of bonds. Common heteroatoms include ______________. They follow the ___________ rule.

Back 11

-N, O, F, Cl, Br, I

-Octet

Front 12

# bonds & # lone pairs? Carbon?

Back 12

-4

-0

Front 13

# bonds & # lone pairs? Hydrogen?

Back 13

-1

-0

Front 14

# bonds & # lone pairs? Nitrogen?

Back 14

-3

-1

Front 15

# bonds & # lone pairs? Oxygen?

Back 15

-2

-2

Front 16

# bonds & # lone pairs? Halogen (F, Cl, Br, I)?

Back 16

-1

-3

(F, Cl, Br, I)

Front 17

Most common multiple bond between a carbon and a heteroatom is a _____________?

Back 17

Carbon-Oxygen Double Bond (CARBONYL)

Front 18

States that the group on a central atom wants to be as far apart from each other as possible?

Back 18

VSEPR theory

Front 19

Can be either a lone pair or an atom?

Back 19

Group

Front 20

Atom surrounded by 2 groups? Bond Angle?

Back 20

Linear (180)

Front 21

Atom surrounded by 3 groups? Bond angle?

Back 21

Trigonal planar (120)

Front 22

Atom surrounded by 4 groups? Bond angle?

Back 22

Tetrahedral (109.5) (every carbon with 4 single bonds is tetrahedral)

Front 23

___________ line for in plane. __________ for bond in front of the plane. ___________ line for bond behind the plane.

Back 23

-solid

-wedge

-dashed

Front 24

3 Atoms and 1 lone pair (4 groups)? Bond angle?

Back 24

Trigonal Pyramidal (Nitrogen) (109.5)

Front 25

2 Atoms and 2 lone pairs (4 groups)? Bond angle?

Back 25

Bent (Oxygen) (109.5)

Front 26

Structure when all the atoms are drawn and single bonds/lone pairs on heteroatoms are omitted?

Back 26

Condensed Structures

Front 27

Structure when assuming there is a carbon at the junction of any two lines or at the end of any line. Also assume there are enough hydrogen atoms on each carbon to give it four bonds. Draw in all heteroatoms and hydrogen atoms directly bonded to them?

Back 27

Skeletal Structures

Front 28

An atom or a group of atoms with characteristic chemical and physical properties?

Back 28

Functional Group

Front 29

Functional groups can contain a _________, ________, or _________.

Back 29

-Heteroatom

-Multiple bond

-Both

Front 30

The letter "__" is used to abbreviate the carbon and hydrogen portion of a molecule?

Back 30

R

Front 31

Compounds that contain ONLY carbon and hydrogen?

Back 31

Hydrocarbons

Front 32

What are the 4 hydrocarbons?

Back 32

-Alkanes

-Alkenes

-Alkynes

-Aromatic

Front 33

Have only C-C single bonds, no functional group?

Back 33

Alkanes

Front 34

Have C-C double bonds as functional group?

Back 34

Alkenes

Front 35

Have C-C triple bonds as functional group?

Back 35

Alkynes

Front 36

Have a benzene ring (6 membered ring w/ 3 double bonds?

Back 36

Aromatic

Front 37

6 membered ring with 3 double bonds?

Back 37

Benzene ring

Front 38

Contains a hydrogen atom directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon?

Back 38

Aldehydes (RCHO)

Front 39

Contains an OH group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon?

Back 39

Carboxylic Acid (RCOOH)

Front 40

Contains OR group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon?

Back 40

Esters (R'COOR)

Front 41

Organic compounds are covalent compounds. They exist as __________ molecules. They have much _________ intermolecular forces than the ones in ionic compounds. They have ________ boiling and melting points than ionic compounds. They tend to be ________/_________ at room temperature.

Back 41

-Discrete

-Weaker

-Lower

-Gas/liquids

Front 42

Polarity? When two atoms bonded together have identical or similar electronegativity?

Back 42

Nonpolar (C-C, C-H)

Front 43

Polarity? When atoms with different electronegativity are bonded?

Back 43

Polar (C and N, O and halogens) (if a single bond is polar, the molecule is polar because it contains a net dipole)

Front 44

Hydrocarbons: polar or non-polar?

Back 44

Nonpolar (C-C, C-H)

Front 45

If the individual polar bonds (dipoles) cancel in a molecule, the molecule is _____________.

Back 45

Non-polar

Front 46

If the individual bond dipoles do not cancel, the molecule is ____________.

Back 46

Polar

Front 47

Solubility: "like dissolves like". Most organic compounds are ___________ in organic solvents. Hydrocarbons and other nonpolar organic compounds are __________ in water. Polar organic compounds are _____________ in water only if they are small and contain a ___ or __ atom that can hydrogen bond with water.

Back 47

-Soluble

-Insoluble

-Soluble

-N or O

Front 48

Organic compounds needed in small amounts for normal cell function. The body cannot synthesize these compounds so they must be obtained in the diet?

Back 48

Vitamins

Front 49

Vitamin that dissolves in an organic solvent but is insoluble in water?

Back 49

Fat-soluble vitamin

Front 50

Vitamin that has many nonpolar C-C and C-H bonds and few polar functional groups?

Back 50

Fat-soluble vitamin

Front 51

Vitamin that dissolves in water?

Back 51

Water-soluble vitamin

Front 52

Vitamin that has many polar bonds?

Back 52

Water-soluble vitamin