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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Colombs Law
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As the atoms come together to make a bond. The energy dropps untill it hits a point where it goes down really fast because they are to close and as the distance themselves it evens out
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Bond strength
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The energy released when a bond is formed
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Ionization potential
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the energy needed to remove an electron from the outer orbtal shell
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Electron Affinity
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the energy released when an electron is added to the valance shell of an electron
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What is covelant bonding
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bonding between the same atom
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Exceptions to the octet rule
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B,Be,P,S and elements below the second row
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What is a Kekule structure
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it uses lines instead of dots
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Aufbau principle
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put electrons in the lower energy levels first
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Pauli exclusion principle
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An orbital can have a maximum of two electrons each having opposite spin
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Hund's rule
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You need to add one electron at a time to each orbital
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what does a large K mean
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products are favored
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small K means
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reactants are gavored
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What is enthalpy denta H
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The measure of the energy released or absorbed during the bond making and bond breaking processes
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What is the equation for delta H
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strength of broken bonds - strength of formed bonds
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If the delta H is negative what does that mean
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exothermic reaction/ favorable
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if the delta H is positive what does that mean
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endothermic reaction/ not favorable
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What is Entropy delta S
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the measure of the disorder of a reaciton as it proceeds
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What does it mean if delta S is -
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the reaction is becoming more ordered which is an unfavorable process
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What does it mean if delta S it+
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The reaction is becomming more disordered which is a favorable process
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In a second order reaction if A doubles what happens
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the overall rate of the reaction doubles
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In a second order reaction what happens if both A and B double
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The overall rate of the reactiion quadruples
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Write the rate constant for a second order reaction
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Rate= k[A][B] mol L-1 s-1
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Write the arrhenium equation
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k= Ae^Ea/RT
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What is a Lewis Acid
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it wants to gain electron
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What is a Lewis Base
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Has extra electrons
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How does Density, Boiling Point, Melting Point relate to number of carbon
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The more the higher
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Why do straight ring carbons have a higher boiling point
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Lodon Despersion Forces
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what is a sterioisomer
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molecule with the same connectivity and different steriochemistry
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describe cis and trans
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cis is the same side trans is opposite sides
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What is torsional or eclipsing strain
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steric hinderance between atoms
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What is bond angle strain
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strain from the bond angle less than 109.5
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What is the order of stability for cyclohexane going from highest energy to lowest
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half chair, boat, twist boat, and chair
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What type of strain does the boat form have
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transanular
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When a methyl group is placed on a cyclohexane what type of strain does it have if the group is axial
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1,3 diaxial
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Which ring other than cycclohexane is strain free
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14 carbon ring
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What are enantiomers
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two chiral molecules
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What is an a-chiral molecule
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they are superimposable/ they have a plane of symmetry
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What is an easy way to point out chairality
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4 different substituents
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What type of light do chiral molecules rotate and why
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plane -polerized light because they are optically active
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What does dextorotatary mean
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the enantiamer rotates plane polarized light clock wise, it is +
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What does levoratary mean
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the enantiamer rotates plane-polarized light counterclockwise, it is a -
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What is the enantiameric excess if you have 75%(-) and 25%(+) and if you have 50%(+)and 50(-)
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50% and 0%
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What are diasteriomers
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they have one or more centers changed
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