Organelles Of A Cell

Front 1

Nucleus

Back 1

1) directs the cell's activities
2) "Brain of the cell"
3) contains DNA

Front 2

Nuclear Membrane

Back 2

1) Is composed of two phospholipid bilayers
2) Contains large pores to allow things to enter and exit the nucleus
3) The endoplasmic reticulum is connected to the nucleus

Front 3

Nucleolus

Back 3

1) produces ribosomes
2) located within the nucleus

Front 4

Plasma membrane/ cell membrane

Back 4

1) controls what enters and exits the cell
2) made of a phospholipid bilayer
3) contains proteins for active and passive transport

Front 5

Cytoplasm

Back 5

1) gel- like material found between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, which includes the organelles
2) glucose is broken down in cytoplasm into pyruvic acid

Front 6

Flagella and cilia

Back 6

1) whiplike structures that aid in movememt
2) flagella are larger (sperm) and cilia are shorter (paramecium)

Front 7

Cytoskeleton

Back 7

1) "bones" or support system for inside of cell
2) three types based upon size
a. microtubules- largest in size
b. intermediate filaments- middle size
c. microfilaments- smallest in size
3) Anchors organelles in place (they don't just float around in cytoplasm)
4) Act like a tram system that transports things in the cell
5) found within flagella and cilia

Front 8

Ribosomes

Back 8

proteins are assembled here

Front 9

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 9

1) Rough ER is dotted with ribosomes that make proteins
2) Tunnels and passageways within the cell that transports proteins. Proteins made by ribosomes on the outside of ER, move INTO the ER and are transported into the golgi.

Front 10

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 10

1) does not have ribosomes on external surface
2) helps make glycerol and fatty acids (phospholipid components)
3) detoxifies drugs and alcohol

Front 11

Golgi

Back 11

1) modifies, sorts, and packages proteins that come from the ER (proteins NOT finished)
2) adds the final touches to a protein. Add to or take off parts of a protein
3) adds an identification tag to vesicle containing proteins which tells the vesicle where to go

Front 12

Vacuoles

Back 12

1) stores things like materials and wastes
2) they are small in animal cells but large in plant cells
3) plants have 1-2 that contain water, waste, pigments
4) give plants turgor pressure

Front 13

Lysosomes

Back 13

1) contain digestive enzymes
2) digest food
3) digest harmful organisms, break down old, worn out cell parts

Front 14

Centrioles

Back 14

1) produce spindles that move chromosomes during mitosis
2) found in animal cells not plant cells
3) come in pairs like shoes; they are at right angles to each other

Front 15

Mitochondria

Back 15

1) produces ATP
2) cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria

Front 16

Chloroplasts

Back 16

1) contains chlorophyll; photosynthesis occurs here
2) found in plants, protists, and some bacteria

Front 17

Cell Wall

Back 17

1) NOT found in animal cells
2) found in plants, bacteria, and protists
3) found outside the plasma membrane
4) made of cellulose in plants
5) made of chitin in fungi

Front 18

Apoptosis

Back 18

cell suicide or "cell death." All of the lysosomes burst (lyse) open spilling their digestive enzymes into the cell. Example is the tadpole losing its tail

Front 19

How does a cell know when to divide?

Back 19

As the cell grows, the inner volume increases more quickly than the plasma membrane. Eventually, the plasma membrane would not be able to provide enough nutrients to the cell or be able to rid the cell of wastes. This triggers the cell to divide.

Front 20

How is a plant cell different from an animal cell?

Back 20

1) cell wall
2) large vacuole
3) chloroplasts
4) no centrioles.
Animal cells have small vacuoles and centrioles

Front 21

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

Back 21

Prokaryote-
1) no nucleus (but DNA)
2) 1 circular chromosome
3) No organelles except ribosomes
Eukaryote-
1) True membrane bound nucleus
2) Several linear (straight) chromosomes (us-46)
3) Organelles