Organelles

Front 1

Cell Membrane

Back 1

Made of a lipd bylayer, Acts as a boundary layer to contain cytoplasm
Permeable to select chemicals that pass in and out of cells
Example - Small intestine micrvilli are a modification of the cell membrane

Front 2

Membrane Proteins

Back 2

* Because the cell membrane is mostly lipid, it only allows lipid-soluable substances to go through. Water soluable substances such as glucose, amino acids, ions, and water need the help of various proteins for transport
*Membrane proteins also help connect one cell to its neighbor
* Example - SI Cells and duct cells are tightly bound to one another with a cytoskeleton and membrane protein network.

Front 3

Nucleus

Back 3

*Has a selective permeable membrane (just like a cell membrane)
* Contains DNA
* The DNA provides instructions for all proteins and, thus, all actions of the cells
* Example - Some nuclei are dense because most of the chromatin is bunbled

Front 4

Ribosome

Back 4

* Machinery that assembles proteins from amino acids using the instructiosn provided by the DNA (which are delivered to the ribosome as a strand of RNA)
* Example - Protein producing cells such as pancreas cells, goblet cell have large amounts of RER because they make proteins constantly

Front 5

Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough and Smooth)

Back 5

* The ER Membrane is a continuation of the outer nuclear membrane, which creates small compartments were the raw materials adn the proteins that make essential molecules can be concentrated so molecule assembly is efficient
* Rough ER is just Er dotted with risosomes, so proteins are assembled in these compartments
* Smooth ER is where other molecules are made and variety of needed chemicals are stored
* Example - Proteins producing cells such as panceras cell, goblet cell have large amounts of RER because they make proteins constantly

Front 6

Golgi Bodies

Back 6

* Made of many vesicles
* Modifies chemicals to make them functional
* Packages and stores chemicals in tiny vesicles that can be delivered to places within the cell transported out of the cell
* Example - Secreting cells like pancreas and mucous cells have lots of golgi bodies that modify molecules and make the secretory vesicles

Front 7

Mitochondria

Back 7

* Think Mighty Mouse!
* Site of cellular respiration (ie glucose brokedn down to release chemical energy)
* glucose + O2 >energy (ATP) = CO2 = H2O
*Example - Parietal cells have lots to power the proton pumps

Front 8

Lysosomes

Back 8

* Veiscle containing enzymes that break molecules down
* Recycling factory where damaged organelles or molecules cna be broken down into buidling blocks that are used again
* Place of digestion in single cell organisms
* Example - All cells use them to break down damaged organelles

Front 9

Cytoskeleton

Back 9

* Like pillars of a building, the cytoskeleton is a network of strandsof protein that gives the cell shape, strength, adn some cells movement
* They also serve as railways as molecules shuttle along them to mveo from one place to another in a cell
*Macrophages use cytoskeleton to move