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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hydrolytic enzymes
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in lysosomes, digest/degrade protein
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Lysosomes
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break down unwanted polypeptides
cause autophagic cell death acidic = pH=4.8 pumps H+ in and Cl- out |
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proteosomes
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in lysosomes contain protease that digests proteins, "quality control"
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cystic fibrosis
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breakdown of Cl- transporters in lysosomes
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ubiquitin
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small proteins in EUK that mark proteins for destruction/proteolysis
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Parkin
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ligase protein that attaches w/ubiquitin to unwanted protein and takes them to protosomes for digestion
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Parkinson's disease
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mutation of ubiquitin and parkin system so toxins accumulate in cell
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Hexoamidase A
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breaks down fatty molecules in brain cells- if absent, fat accumulation and brain cells die (TAY SACHS)
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Endocytosis
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cell absorbs material from outside by engulfing w/membrane
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phagocytosis
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form of endocytosis wjere lg particles enveloped by cell membrane and internalized to phagosome (cell eating)
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autophagocytosis
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sequestering org/prot in vesicle in cell and deliver to lysosome (if too much around)-- to keep good balance
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peroxisomes
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rid cell of toxic substances, ex. catalase enzyme uses H202 to oxidise other substances
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endoplasmic reticulum
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protein highway in cytoplasm, near nucleus, how the nucleus sends molecules to cyto
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free ribosomes
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protein synthesis
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Aging cells
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secretory granules
pigment granules neural fat lipid droplets |
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Alpha-Synuclein
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brain protein, aggregates to form insoluble fibrils in pathological conditions characterized by LEWY BODIES (ex. parkinsons, atrophy)
for apoptosis |
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BAX-rich inclusions
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induce cell death, apoptosis
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apoptosis
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normal programmed cell death
orderly phagocytes engulf ccell |
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necrosis
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abnormal cell death
disorderly from injury, infection, cancer, infarction, toxin, inflammation release of intracellular contect causes inflammation |
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microtubules
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cytoskeleton, for mitosis, cytokinesis, vesicle transport
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microfilaments
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structural protein-- actin filament
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alpha/beta-tubulin
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glomerlar, make up microtubules
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actin
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microfilament, mech support for cell, shape
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myosin
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motor protein, actin-based motility
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chromatin
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DNA+histones
1. nucleosome 2. 30nm condension 3. metaphase chromosome |
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nucleolus
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assembles ribosomes
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Cell renewal ( 3types)
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1. high turnover/high regeneration (stem, blood,skin)
2. low turnover/high regeneration (liver, kidney) 3. low turnover/low regeneration (brain-- Parkinsons disease in SN will not replenish, heart) |
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hippocampus
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neurogenesis , not post-mitotic cells so undergo cell division
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Cell Cycle
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M: Mitosis & cytokinesis (cytoplasm duplication)
Interphase: G1, S, G2 |
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quiescent
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temporary- cells that ceases division after G1 take temp break
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mitosis
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somatic cell division
1.prophase- consense 2. metaphase- align 3. anaphase- separate 4. telophase- 2 nuclei (DNA replication+cytokinesis) |
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Meiosis
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sex gamete/germ cell division
S phase:DNA replicated 4n Chromes Reduction Division Equatorial Division 1n Haploids (meiosis I&II) stem cells in ovaries can make more ova |
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p53
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transcription factor that regulates cell cycle, tumor suppressor, acts between G1&S
defect--> tumorgenesis & excessive cell division |
