Organ Systems: Quiz 2 Cvs7 Past Quiz Questions

Front 1

When capillary filtration exceeds capillary absorption - what might you have?

Back 1

extracellular edema.

Front 2

The impulse conduction pathway of the heart is composed of?

Back 2

modified cardiac muscle fibers.

Front 3

Sympathetic stimulation of the heart INCREASES contractility by?

Back 3

increasing calcium stores in the SR

Front 4

Cardiac output is expressed as a product of?

Back 4

stroke volume and heart rate

Front 5

The pulmonary valve prevents blood from flowing back into the?

Back 5

right ventricle

Front 6

In the normal cardiac cycle the volume of blood in the ventricle is greatest at?

Back 6

the end of diastole.

Front 7

Most tissues regulate blood flow by/to?

Back 7

maintain constant oxygen availability and by vasodilating in response to adenosine and other metabolic wastes.

Front 8

A decrease in total peripheral resistance results from?

Back 8

arteriole dilation

Front 9

An INCREASE in the frequency of action potentials in the carotid sinus baroreceptor will cause?

Back 9

decreased heart rate and decreased mean arterial pressure.

Front 10

Atrial fibrillation is typically associated with?

Back 10

irregular heart rate

Front 11

The initial length of cardiac muscle fibers affects the strength of contraction. This statement is fundamental to the idea that the heart must pump out all of the blood that enters it and it is explained by the changes in alignment of actin and myosin in sarcomeres as well as?

Back 11

Frank-Starling’s Law of the Heart

Front 12

In the denervated heart adjustments to INCREASED work load are mediated by mechanisms associated with?

Back 12

increased end diastolic volume

Front 13

T/F the pressure gradient driving bulk flow of blood decreases from arteries to capillaries to the veins.

Back 13

TRUE

Front 14

Both systemic and pulmonary circulations have the same?

Back 14

flow rate

Front 15

The PR interval in an electrocardiogram is a reflection on the?

Back 15

conduction time between the atria and ventricles.

Front 16

Long term mechanisms to increase a mean arterial pressure that is below normal set point of 100 mm HG invovles?

Back 16

1. Secretion of ADH by hypothalamus 2. Secretion of renin by juxtaglomerular cells 3. Production of angiotensin II in the lungs and 4. Changes in aldosterone levels.

Front 17

The rapid rise phase of an action potential recorded from a ventricular cell is due to?

Back 17

opening of sodium channels

Front 18

The cell body of a postganglionic neuron that innervates the heart is most often found?

Back 18

inside the pericardium

Front 19

Sympathetic postganglionic neuron activity speeds the heart by?

Back 19

decreasing Pk

Front 20

Parasympathetic postganglionic neuron activity decrease the force of cardiac contraction by?

Back 20

decreasing cAMP concentration

Front 21

In the parasympathetic innervation of the heart postganglionic neurons release a transmitter that has what metabotropic effects on the innervated heart cells?

Back 21

it decreases cAMP production

Front 22

The pressure in the cardiovascular system is lowest in the?

Back 22

veins

Front 23

A decrease in the mean arterial pressure from 150 to 100 mm HG reduces?

Back 23

oxygen consumption by the heart. Baroreceptor tell what the blood pressure is. Frequency goes down when the blood pressure drops. CVS #2 ↑ aortic pressure,↓blood being ejected ↓SV. Thus if ↓ aortic pressure then ↑ stroke volume.

Front 24

The contractility of the heart has increased so there should be a decrease in?

Back 24

end systolic volume

Front 25

Frank Starlings Law of the heart states that?

Back 25

initial length of cardiac muscle fibers affects the strength of contraction

Front 26

What occurs during isovolumetric ventricular contraction of the heart?

Back 26

the valves are closed

Front 27

During the plateau phase of an action potential recorded from a ventricular cell the calcium channels are?

Back 27

open

Front 28

Parasympathetic moves the pacemaker away from?

Back 28

threshold which decreases the heart rate

Front 29

Dub corresponds to?

Back 29

closure of aortic and pulmonary valves.

Front 30

In a normal electrocardiogram the RR interval corresponds to?

Back 30

The heart rate

Front 31

Sudden onset ventricular fibrillation decreases?

Back 31

cardiac output

Front 32

What is primarily responsible for the low permeability of the blood brain barrier?

Back 32

presence of tight intercellular junctions in continuous capillaries

Front 33

An increase in capillary pressure results in an increase in?

Back 33

the capillary filtration rate

Front 34

Tissues have an intrinsic ability to regulate their own blood flow. This ability results in an increase in?

Back 34

blood flow with increased metabolic rate

Front 35

Total peripheral resistance is controlled by?

Back 35

the diameter of the arterioles and affects both vascular and cardiac function. A decline can also increase venous return.

Front 36

Long term regulation of blood pressure is accomplished by?

Back 36

1. The kidney 2. And relies upon control of blood volume 3. Relies upon the renin-angiotensin system

Front 37

Edema can occur if the net filtration rate exceeds?

Back 37

the net absorption rate plus lymphatic flow.

Front 38

Long term mechanisms to decrease mean arterial pressure that is above normal set point of 100 mm HG invovles?

Back 38

changes in aldosterone levels

Front 39

What reduces the likelihood of the formation of edema?

Back 39

1. Increase in interstitial fluid hydrostatic fluid 2. Increase in plasma protein concentration 3. Decrease capillary hydrostatic pressure

Front 40

A decrease in TPR results from?

Back 40

arteriole dilation

Front 41

Mean arterial pressure can be calculated from?

Back 41

the pulse pressure

Front 42

What are some clinical outcomes of Coronary Artery Heart Disease?

Back 42

1. M.I. 2. Sudden Death 3. Unstable angina

Front 43

What are modifiable risk factors from CAHD?

Back 43

1. Hypertension 2. Smoking 3. Diabetes mellitus

Front 44

A stroke (CVA cerebrovascular accident) is a focal neurological deficit due to?

Back 44

lack of blood flow/oxygenation

Front 45

The heart functions to pump out as much blood as it receives. This phenomenon is described by?

Back 45

Frank Starlings Law of the Heart and the initial length of the cardiac sarcomere affects the strength of contraction.

Front 46

A patient has a MI resulting in right bundle branch block. What is the possible repercussions of this blockade?

Back 46

distension of the ne veins (e.g. jugular) is likely to occur.

Front 47

A patient has a heart transplant. What will likely occur?

Back 47

The SA node will drive the conduction system of the new heart

Front 48

The contractility of the heart has increased which immediately results in?

Back 48

decreased end diastolic volume

Front 49

Cardiac cells are identical to?

Back 49

skeletal muscle cells

Front 50

Sudden onset of atrial fibrillation immediately causes?

Back 50

ventricular tachycardia??? Or irregular heart rate (there are conflicting answers)

Front 51

Contractility of the heart relies upon?

Back 51

calcium levels in the SR

Front 52

Edema can occur if there is a decrease in?

Back 52

plasma oncotic pressure

Front 53

Microcirculation within most tissues relies upon?

Back 53

1. Fluid filtering out of the capillary on the arterial side and being absorbed into the capillary on the venous side.

Front 54

The SA node is located in the?

Back 54

upper outer wall of the right atrium.

Front 55

Most tissues regulate regional blood flow by?

Back 55

vasodilation in response to adenosine and other metabolic wastes.

Front 56

A significant increase in the frequency of APs in the carotid sinus baroreceptor sent to the cardiac center will elicit?

Back 56

decreased heart rate and decreased mean arterial pressure

Front 57

An important function of the arterioles is to?

Back 57

control the entrance of blood into the capillary bed

Front 58

Long term mechanisms to decrease mean arterial pressure that is above normal set point of 100 mm Hg involves?

Back 58

changes in aldosterone levels

Front 59

The mean arterial pressure can be calculated from?

Back 59

pulse pressure

Front 60

An increase in the mean arterial pressure from 100 to 150 mm Hg increases?

Back 60

end systolic volume and decreases cardiac output

Front 61

Cardiac cells in in the SA node have?

Back 61

pacemaker potential

Front 62

The left ventricle contains the maximal amount of blood at the end of?

Back 62

diastole

Front 63

What happens right after the end of isovolumetric contraction of the heart?

Back 63

ejection of blood

Front 64

The pressure in the cardiovascular system is?

Back 64

higher in the pulmonary circulation and can be regulated peripheral resistance by varying arteriole diameter.

Front 65

Increased end-diastolic volume will initially lead to?

Back 65

an increased stroke volume.

Front 66

On an ECG repolarization of the ventricles is associated with?

Back 66

the T wave

Front 67

Edema is likely to occur if there is a decrease in?

Back 67

plasma protein concentration

Front 68

In regards to the pacemaker cell the conduction velocity of conductile cells in the AV node modifies the?

Back 68

PR interval

Front 69

An increase in blood volume via an intravenous infusion will increase?

Back 69

action potential discharge frequency of the aortic baro-receptor.

Front 70

Sudden onset ventricular fibrillation increases?

Back 70

venous pressure

Front 71

A decrease in the mean arterial pressure from 150 to 100 mm Hg increases?

Back 71

the Cardiac Output.

Front 72

During the rapid depolarization phase of a cardiac action potential recorded from a ventricular cell potassium permeability is starting to?

Back 72

decrease

Front 73

Velocity of flow in blood vessels that are in parallel is inversely related to?

Back 73

cross sectional area

Front 74

10. All of the following apply to ischemia

Back 74

EXCEPT:, A. It represents a reduction in blood flow* B. It is an area of dead or necrotic tissue*
C. It leads to angina
D. It is a consequence of atherosclerotic disease, .

Front 75

What part of the heart does the left anterior descending coronary artery NOT supply with blood?

A. The area around the apex of the heart

B. The anterior portion of the interventricular septum
* C. The sinu-atrial node*

D. The anterior wall of the left ventricle

Back 75

* C. The sinu-atrial node*

Front 76

What is the most common form of medical treatment to reduce the risk for a CVA?

Back 76

Anticoagulant

Front 77

When examining the facial nerve sparing of the upper one third of the facial muscle function usually indicates a?

Back 77

UMN (upper motor neuron) lesion

Front 78

What tunic in an artery is responsible for vasoconstriction?

Back 78

tunica media

Front 79

At any given time the vessel type holding the largest volume of blood is the?

Back 79

vein

Front 80

Calcium levels are critical to appropriate cardiac contraction. Cytosolic calcium activates?

Back 80

the contractile apparatus.

Front 81

29. During inflammation capillary permeability increases and plasma proteins may leak into the interstitial fluid. Based on these observations which of the following statement is TRUE?

Back 81

Net absorption increases

Front 82

24. Long term regulation of blood pressure:
a. is accomplished by the kidney

b. relies upon control of blood volume

c. relies upon the rennin-angiotensin system
d.A,B
e. all of the above, d. A and B.

Back 82

e. all of the above

Front 83

During which of the following phases of the cardiac cycle are all cardiac valves OPEN?
a. rapid filling
b. Ejection
c. Isovolumetric relaxation
d. Isovolumetric contraction
e. None of the above

Back 83

e. none of the above

Front 84

23. Tissue have an intrinsic ability to regulate their own blood flow. This ability:

a. is related to the vasodilation induced by increased oxygen levels
b. is related to the vasoconstriction induced by metabolic wastes (e.g. adenosine)

c. results in an increase in blood flow with increased metabolic rate
d. is related to the relaxation of smooth muscle in response to stretch
e. none of the above

Back 84

e. none of the above

Front 85

26. The heart rate is regulated by several means. Which of the following is CORRECT?

a. Increasing the potassium permeability in the SA node increases the heart rate.

b. Acetylcholine released by the sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate

c. Sympathetic stimulation hyperpolarizes the pacemaker potential which increases the heart rate.
d. Parasympathetic stimulation hyperpolarizes the pacemaker potential which decreases the heart rate.
e. none of the above.

Back 85

d. Parasympathetic stimulation hyperpolarizes the pacemaker potential which decreases the heart rate

Front 86

25. Sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases contractility by:
a. Phosphorylation of calcium-activated calcium-release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

b. increasing calcium stores in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

c. Decreasing SERCA (sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium) pump activity
d. Decreasing the time L-type calcium channels are open
e. A B and C

Back 86

e. ABC