Organ Systems: Cranial Nerves

Front 1

Which cranial nerve is the accessory nerve and how does one test for it?

Back 1

CN XI
Test: shrug shoulder, resist pressure on forehead and chin
The accessory nerve travels from the medulla, exits the jugular foramen and descends into the neck. Its functional component is accessory nucleus (SVE)- motor to SCM and trap

Front 2

CN XII from the medulla exits the ____ canal and enters the oral cavity. What is the nerve test?

Back 2

The Hypoglossal nerve test...nerve exits the hypoglossal canal to innervate the intrinsic muscles of the tongue- stick out tongue to test.

Front 3

Which of the six CN functional components migrated away from the 4th ventricle?

Back 3

GSA and SVE

Front 4

Which cranial nerve does NOT exit from the ventral side of the brain stem?

Back 4

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Front 5

In the embryo: after neurulation, neural tube differentiates into a ____ plate an a ____ plate. What separates the two? Which plate is sensory, motor?

Back 5

Dorsal alar plate - Sensory
Ventral basal plate - Motor

Sulcus Limitans separates them.

Front 6

In the embryo, where do the cranial nerves develop?

Back 6

Within the sensory and motor plates in the brain stem region.

Front 7

What differentiates GENERAL afferent/efferent from SPECIAL afferent/efferent components of the cranial nerves?

Back 7

General- refers to sensory & motor functions of the whole body

Special- refers to sensory & motor functions of the head

Front 8

Cranial nerve components: Afferent
Which govern skin, muscle and CT?
Which govern Organs & Blood vessels?
Which govern Vision & Audition?
Which govern Taste & Olfaction?

Back 8

GSA (General Somatic Afferent)- Skin, Muscle, CT
GVA (General Visceral Afferent)- Organs, Blood vessels
SSA (Special Somatic Afferent)- Vision, Audition
SVA (Special Visceral Afferent)- Taste, Olfaction

Front 9

Cranial nerve components: Efferent
Which govern Skeletal muscle?
Which govern Smooth & Cardiac muscle?
Which govern muscles of the face, larynx, pharynx, mastication?

Back 9

GSE (General Somatic Efferent)- Skeletal muscle
GVE (General Visceral Efferent)- Smooth & Cardiac muscle
SVE (Special Visceral Efferent)- Muscles of face, larynx, pharynx, mastication

Front 10

T/F: Each column of cranial nerve nuclei is a single functional component (eg, GSA, SVA, SVE, etc.)

T/F: Each column is devoted to a single cranial nerve.

Back 10

True

False. Columns can be shared among 2-3 different cranial nerves.

Front 11

Columns of cranial nerve nuclei align along the floor of the _____, except ____ & _____ which have migrated ventrally.

Back 11

4th Ventricle

SVE & GSA

Front 12

What cranial nerve functional component is associated with pharyngeal arches and develops from neural crest cells?

Back 12

SVE (Special Visceral Efferent)

Front 13

Name the functional component of the Olfactory nerve. What number cranial nerve is it?

Back 13

Olfactory bulb for smell (SVA)

CN I

Front 14

____ = Primary Olfactory Cortex

____ & ____ for conscious perception of smell

____ & ____ for for associations between smell and emotions.

Back 14

Medial temporal lobe

Thalamus & Cortex

Amygdala & Entorhinal cortex

Front 15

How is CN I tested?

Back 15

Non-irritating odor (eg. licorice)

Front 16

What is the functional component of the Optic nerve? What number cranial nerve is it?

Back 16

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (SSA) in thalamus

CN II

Front 17

The optic nerve/tract projects visual information from the ______ to the Lateral geniculate Nucleus in the _____. The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus projects to _____ & _____ cortices.

Back 17

Retina, Thalamus
Visual & Association

Front 18

CN II Test = ?

Back 18

Visual acuity & fields, Ophthalmoscopy

Front 19

What is the course of CN III. What is the name of this nerve?

Back 19

Course: Midbrain---> Cavernous Sinus---> Superior Orbital Fissure

CN III = Oculomotor Nerve

Front 20

Name the functional components of the Oculomotor nerve and their specific functions.

Back 20

Oculomotor Nucleus (GSE)- Motor to move eyeball and raise upper eyelid

Edinger Westphal Nucleus (GVE)- Parasympathetic to increase lens convexity & constrict pupil via ciliary ganglion

Front 21

CN IV = ?

What is the course of this cranial nerve?

Back 21

Trochlear Nerve CN IV

Course: Posterior midbrain---> Cavernous sinus---> Superior orbital fissure

Front 22

What is the functional component of the Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)?

Back 22

Trochlear Nucleus (GSE): motor to superior oblique

Front 23

Abducens Nerve = CN ?

What is the course of this cranial nerve?

Back 23

CN VI Abducens Nerve

Course: Pons/Medulla---> Cavernous sinus---> Superior orbital fissure

Front 24

Name the functional component of the Abducens Nerve.

Back 24

Abducens Nucleus (GSE)- motor to lateral rectus

Front 25

What are 2 ways to test for CN III Palsy?

Back 25

EOM (Equal ocular motion while following finger): somatic, tests CN III, IV, VI

PERRLA (Pupils equal, round, reactive to light): parasympathetic, tests CN III

Front 26

CN V = ?

What are the courses of each division of CN V?

Back 26

Trigeminal Nerve

V1- Pons---> cavernous sinus---> Superior orbital fissure
V2- Pons---> Cavernous sinus---> Foramen rotundum
V3- Pons---> Foramen ovale

Front 27

What are the Trigeminal Nerve target structures?

Back 27

V1- Sensory to orbital cavity, eye, upper face

V2- Sensory to nasal cavity, palate, middle face

V3- Sensory to oral cavity; Motor to masticatory muscles

Front 28

Sensory nuclei of the Trigeminal Nerve project to _____, which projects to ______.

Back 28

Thalamus (VPN)
Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Front 29

Name the 2 functional components of the Trigeminal nerve and their associated nuclei.

Back 29

GSA:
-Principal (Main) Sensory Nucleus- discriminative touch from face
-Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus- Pain & temp from face
-Mesencephalic Nucleus- Proprioception from masticators (muscle reflexes)

SVE:
-Motor Nucleus- motor to masticating muscles

Front 30

Name 3 Trigeminal Nerve tests.

Back 30

-Somatosensory (sharp or dull)
-Motor (clench jaw)
-Corneal blink (corneal pain/irritation elicits eye closure via V & VII reflex loop)

Front 31

CN VII = ?

What is the course of this cranial nerve?

Back 31

Facial Nerve CN VII

Course: Pons---> Internal acoustic meatus---> Exits Stylomastoid foramen (motor component)

Front 32

The ____ of the Facial Nerve passes along the interior of the tympanic membrane. This portion of the facial nerve innervates what glands?

Back 32

Chorda tympani

Submandibular & sublingual glands.

Front 33

Name the 5 functional components of the Facial Nerve and their associated nuclei.

Back 33

SVE: Motor Nucleus- motor to muscles of facial expression, stapedius

GVE: Salivatory nucleus- Parasympathetic to Nasal, palatine & lacrimal glands via Pterygopalatine ganglion. Also Submandibular & sublingual glands via Submandibular ganglion (Chorda tympani)

SVA: Solitary nucleus- taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

GVA: Solitary nucleus- from nasal & pharyngeal mucosa

GSA: Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus- somatosensory input from ear

Front 34

Delineate the taste pathway.

Back 34

Solitary nucleus (receives taste neurons from VII, IX, X)---> Thalamus (VPM)---> Insula (maps taste & integrates with other sensory info)

Front 35

How can you test the Facial Nerve?

Back 35

Facial muscles: smile, frown, wrinkle brow, wink

Front 36

Vestibulocochlear Nerve = CN ?

What is its course?

Back 36

CN VIII Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Course: Vestibular apparatus & cochlea---> Internal acoustic meatus---> Cochlear & vestibular nuclei in medulla

Front 37

What are the functional components of CN VIII?

Back 37

SSA: Cochlear & Vestibular nuclei- hearing & balance

Front 38

What are the CNS connections of the auditory and vestibular functions of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?

Back 38

Auditory- Cochlear nuclei, superior olive, inferior colliculus, med geniculate nucleus, primary auditory complex (superior temporal lobe), association area

Vestibular- Vestibular nuclei, cerebellum, III, IV & VI nuclei, spinal cord AND Temporal-parietal cortex- integrates somatosensory, visual & vestibular inputs

Front 39

How do you test the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?

Back 39

Conductive vs. sensorineural defects

Rubbing fingers; humming; tuning fork

Front 40

CN IX = ?

What is the course of this cranial nerve?

Back 40

Glossopharyngeal Nerve CN IX

Medulla---> Exits jugular foramen---> descends neck

Front 41

What are the functional components and associated nuclei of CN IX?

Back 41

SVE: Nucleus Ambiguus- motor to stylopharyngeus muscle

GVE: Inferior Salivatory Nucleus- Parasympathetic to parotid gland via otic ganglion

SVA: Solitary nucleus- taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

GVA: Solitary nucleus- carotid body & sinus; viscerosensory from mucosa of pharynx & auditory tube

GSA: Spinal Trigeminal nucleus- somatosensory from ear

Front 42

How do you test the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

Back 42

Gag reflex- sensory component of IX to X reflex connection

Front 43

Vagus Nerve = CN ?

What is its course?

Back 43

CN X Vagus Nerve

Medulla---> Exits jugular foramen---> pharynx, larynx, GI tract, Lungs, heart, etc.

Front 44

Name the 5 functional components and associated nuclei of the Vagus Nerve.

Back 44

SVE: Nucleus Ambiguus- Motor to pharynx & larynx; Parasympathetic to heart

GVE: Dorsal Vagal (Motor) nucleus- Parasympathetics to lung, GI

SVA: Solitary nucleus- taste from epiglottis & palate

GVA: From all viscera & blood vessels

GSA: Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus- sensory from ear

Front 45

What 3 cranial nerves emerge from the medulla and exit the jugular foramen?

What column nuclei do they share?

Back 45

IX, X, XI

Dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus
Inferior Salivatory nucleus
Nucleus Ambiguus
Solitary nucleus
Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Front 46

From the Solitary Nucleus, GVA input is relayed to _____, reticular formation & ______ for homeostatic regulation of organ function, _____ & emotion.

Back 46

Hypothalamus
Limbic system
Memory

Front 47

From the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus, GSA comes from the ____ to the thalamus & ________.

Back 47

Ear
Somatosensory cortex

Front 48

What are 3 ways to test the vagus nerve?

Back 48

-Gag reflex: motor component of IX to X reflex connection

-Raise tongue to roof of mouth (palatoglossus)

-Deviated soft palate (palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus)