Organ Systems: Quiz 1 Conference

Front 1

What are the boundaries of the thorax?,

Back 1

1. Superior border is the inferior border of 1st rib
2. Inferior border: diaphragm; ribs on either side

Front 2

What are the boundaries of the superior, middle, anterior and posterior mediastinum?

Back 2

Superior – above T4/T5 at sternal angle
Middle – consists of pericardium & heart
Anterior – between sternum & pericardium
Posterior – between pericardium & thoracic vertebrae

Front 3

Name 4 structures or borders for which the sternal angle is a landmark.

Back 3

2nd rib; disc b/w T4 & T5; split b/w superior & inferior mediastinum; where trachea bifurcates, superior limit of pulmonary trunk, and where the arch of the aorta begins & ends.

Front 4

Diaphragm

Back 4

Opening for IVC – T8
Opening for esophagus – T10
(Descending aorta – T12)

Front 5

Phrenic nerve. Is it found in the superior mediastinum?_____ Middle mediastinum? _____

Back 5

Yes and Yes

Front 6

2) For what structures does the phrenic nerve supply sensory innervations?

Back 6

Fibrous pericardium, mediastinous pleura, diaphragmatic peritoneum

Front 7

Sympathetic Trunk Is it found in the posterior mediastinum?

Back 7

YES

Front 8

Esophageal nerve plexus - From what nerves does this plexus originate?

Back 8

Vagus & visceral branches of sympathetic trunk

Front 9

Aortic valve → Aorta → 1st 2 branches = coronary arteries; 3 main branches off arch of aorta (Brachiocephalic, L. Common Carotid, L. Subclavian)
Semilunar cusps

Back 9

x

Front 10

Pulmonary artery carries what blood?

Back 10

deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Front 11

Pulmonary vein carries?

Back 11

oxygenated blood from lungs back to heart

Front 12

What was the ligamentum arteriosum in the fetus?

Back 12

Ductosus arteriosus stops blood from going to the lung; becomes ligamentum arteriosus after you’re born.

Front 13

What was the function of ligamentum arteriosum in the fetus?

Back 13

Bypass lungs by allowing blood flow from pulmonary trunk → aorta

Front 14

What nerve is found wrapping around the aorta close to the ligamentum arteriosum?

Back 14

Left. Recurrent laryngeal

Front 15

The following veins are not visible, but what are the veins run with them?
Great cardiac vein –
Middle cardiac vein –
Small cardiac vein –

Back 15

Great cardiac vein – runs with LAD
Middle cardiac vein – runs with posterior intraventricular
Small cardiac vein – R. marginal

Front 16

Ductous Venosus becomes what when you’re beorn?,

Back 16

ligamentum venosum

Valve of IVC directs blood through foramen ovale (lung bypass); no purpose when born

Front 17

Where would the SA and AV nodes be located?

Back 17

SA: right at top of crista terminalis & SVC
AV: bottom of interatrial septum near opening of coronary sinus

Front 18

Fossa ovalis

Back 18

Foramen ovale open in fetus; found in interatrial septum

Front 19

What was this structure in the fetus?

Back 19

Foramen ovale. What function did it serve? Lung bypass

Front 20

Is the valve of fossa ovalis derived from Septum Primum or Septum Secundum?

Back 20

Septum premum → forms valve
Septum secundum → foramen ovale

Front 21

Specimens: Whole body with bronchial tree

Brachiocephalic artery (1st branch on arch)
Left common carotid artery (2nd branch)
Left subclavian artery (3rd branch)

Back 21

x

Front 22

Ligamentum teres
What is this ligament a remnant of?

Back 22

Fetal umbilical vein

Front 23

What function did ligamentum teres serve?

Back 23

brought oxygenated blood from placenta → fetus

Front 24

septum primum

Back 24

floor of the fossa ovalis

Front 25

What has a R to left shunt?

Back 25

ductus arteriosis

Front 26

What forms the valve of the foramen ovale?

Back 26

septum primum

Front 27

What chamber of the heart do you find the tricuspid valve?

Back 27

R. Ventricle

Front 28

After birth, umbilical arteries become the?

Back 28

medial umbilical ligaments

Front 29

Tetrology of fallot

Back 29

1. Overriding Aorta
2. hypertrophy of right ventricle
3. stenosis of the pulmonary trunk
4. ventral septal defect

Front 30

What defects result in the endocardial cushions not developing?

Back 30

Atrial and ventricular septal defects

Front 31

ductus arteriosus shunts blood from?

Back 31

the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

Front 32

The location of the heart primordium in a 3 week embryo is?

Back 32

The most cranial structure

Front 33

What vessels in the fetus have the highest oxygen content?

Back 33

Umbilical vein

Front 34

The base of the heart consists mostly of?

Back 34

the left atrium

Front 35

The pulmonary valve prevents?

Back 35

blood from flowing back into the right ventricle