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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When does aging begin
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Not at birth
it begins in the 20’s & 30’s when reproductive maturity is complete |
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Describe Normal aging's progressive decline
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Decline is
Gradual Linear Variable between individuals and among organ systsm Influences by genetics, diet, environment, personal habits |
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How much reserve capacity do we lose per year
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1% per year
By 119 we have 0% reserve capacity |
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What are Different ways that organ system changes
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Total loss of function
Loss of units of function Reduced efficiency w/o anatomic loss Sometimes increase in function (like with ADH allowing water retention) |
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Normal Vision Changes
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Smaller pupils
Slower reaction to light Increased thickness of lens and less elasticity causing less accommodation (presbyopia) Increase susceptibility to glare Whites seen as yellows Cataracts |
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Normal Hearing Changes
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More prevalent in men than woman
Inability to hear high frequency |
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Changes in Body Composition
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Less water
Increased fat Less muscle mass Less bone minerals (osteopenia) |
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Normal Musculoskeletal Changes
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Less lean body mass
Less muscle strength Less bone density Less cartilage All results in slower, stiffer movements Shrink as you get older (1 inch per decade) |
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How much do we shrink
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1 inch per decade
Due to collapse of vertebral column, flattening of foot arches, increase in spinal curvature |
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Normal Nervous System Changes
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Thickening of blood vessels causes less blood to brain leading to mild forgetfulness
Decreased individual neurons Decrease brain size and weight Decrease neurotransmitters All leads to slower reflexes and increased reaction time |
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Normal Cardiovascular System Changes
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Arterial walls get stiffer
Increase blood pressure Decrease baroreceptor sensitiity Therefore impaired response to rapid blood pressure changes |
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Normal Respiratory Changes
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Less lung elasticity
Greater chest wall stiffness Less expiratory volume Causes 50% reduction in breathing capacity |
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Normal GI Changes
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Less hepatic function
Less gastric acidity Less colic motility Less liver mass |
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Normal Endocrine Changes
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Less glucose tolerance
Greater ADH Less thymus activity |
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Serum creatinin
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Does not change
Serum creatin matches creatinine clearance so no net change is seen |
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What things should not change
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Hematocrit level
Fasting blood glucose level Serum electrolytes Blood gas levels Serum Creatin levels |
