Org B - Ch 6

Front 1

What are the components of the perceptual process?

Back 1

Perceptual Process – receiving and interpreting environmental stimuli consisting of three major components: Sensation, Attention, and Perception.

Front 2

Attention

Back 2

– where we focus ourselves
Factors that influence Attention: Size, Intensity, Frequency, Contrast, Motion, Novelty

Front 3

Perception

Back 3

– organizing and interpreting sensations we attend to.
Perceptual inferences – making assumptions based on limed information gathered though our senses.

Front 4

Perceptual organization –

Back 4

grouping environmental stimuli into recognizable patterns. Grouped by: Figure-ground, Similarity, Proximity, and Closure

Front 5

What basic perceptual errors do people make?

Back 5

Halo Effect – allow one personality trait to influence our perceptions of other traits.
Selective Perception – screening out information that we don’t want to hear. Can also be (perceptual defense)

Front 6

What can be done to better understand what one’s employees are thinking?

Back 6

Understand human behavior.

Front 7

Implicit Personality Theories
- Projection
- First Impressions
- Stereotyping

Back 7

Projection – the tendency to attribute our own feelings and characteristics to others.
First Impressions – (self-explanatory) remarkably stable. Can lead to the primacy effect – allowing the first impression to have a disproportionate and lasting influence on further evaluations.
Stereotyping – categorizing individuals based on one or two trait and attributing other characteristics to them based on their membership in that category.

Front 8

Implicit Personality Theories
- personality
- fundamental attribution error
- attribution theory

Back 8

Personality – enduring traits or characteristics that describe an individual’s attitudes and behavior.
Fundamental attribution error – overstating the influence of personality and understating human behavior.
Attribution theory – assignment of responsibility and the cognitive processes we use to understand why people act as they do.

Front 9

Cognitive complexity

Back 9

– ability to differentiate people and events using multiple criteria, which increases the accuracy of our perceptions.

Front 10

McGregor’s Theory X versus Theory Y

Back 10

– this basically states that theory X is that employees do not want to work and want to get out of it unless punished. Theory Y is that employees want to work, but need to have direction to tap their potential.

Front 11

Discrimination and prejudice
- visibility
- contrast
- assimilation

Back 11

Visibility – the minority draws more attention.
Contrast – people tend to form groups and polarize.
Assimilation – assuming someone act like others of their type.

Front 12

Locus of control

Back 12

a personality trait that is determined by whether individuals think the rewards they obtain are based on internal factors such as knowledge, effort, and skill, or external factors suck as luck, chance, and fate.

Front 13

self-efficacy

Back 13

a belief in one’s ability to perform a specific activity determined primarily bt how well the person has learned and practiced the task.

Front 14

Hypothetical construct

Back 14

an abstract concept regarding the relationships between people and events that exists because we can operationally define it even though it does not have a physical reality, satisfaction, intelligence, commitment, and honesty are examples.

Front 15

The Big 5 personality model

Back 15

extroversion
conscientiousness
agreeableness
emotional stability
openness to experience