Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
230 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Diptera are
|
True flies
|
|
|
Order Diptera is one of the
|
largest orders in Class Insecta. over 120,000 described species
|
|
|
Flies usually have how many wings?
|
1 pair
hind pair is reduced to halteres |
|
|
Order Diptera undergo what metamorphosis?
|
Complete metamorphosis
|
|
|
Most dipterous species are reproduce how?
|
oviparous (lay eggs)
ovovivparious (females lay larva) |
|
|
Dipteran flies can be ectoparasites at what life stages?
|
larvae
adults |
|
|
Important features of adult fly identification include
|
Host association, approximate size, mouth-parts, antennae wing veins and bristle patterns
|
|
|
chaetotaxy
|
bristle patterns
|
|
|
Fly larvae important identifications include
|
Host association
location on host, (wound - necrotic tissue or living tissue), shape, number, and location of spines, dark pigmented tracheal trunks |
|
|
Fly second pair of wings are called
|
Halteres and are used as a gyroscope, for balance.
|
|
|
Dipteran flies have what type of metamorphosis?
|
Holometabolus = complete metamorphosis
|
|
|
Dipteran fly stages feed on what?
|
Each stage feeds on different things, some don't feed
|
|
|
Dipteran flies live most of their lives in what stage
|
larval
|
|
|
Mosquitoes are what family?
|
Culicidae
|
|
|
Mosquitoes are the sole vector for what diseases?
|
Human malaria, yellow fever, and dengue fever.
|
|
|
Mosquitoes are important vectors of what what diseases?
|
filariases and viral encephalitides
|
|
|
The 3 important genera of mosquitoes are
|
Aedes, Culex, and anopheles.
|
|
|
Mosquito characteristics
|
1/8 to 1/2 inches long
long segmented antennae, long piercing-sucking mouth parts, long legs, wings with scales. |
|
|
All male adult mosquitoes have
|
plumose antennae
|
|
|
Mosquitoes are _____ parious
|
Oviparious with eggs laid on water or in dry places that tend to flood
|
|
|
Most mosquitoes larvae need contact with
|
surace to breathe
|
|
|
Mosquitoe larvae feed on
|
microorganisms suspended in water
|
|
|
Mosquitoes molt ____
|
4 times and then pupate (tumblers) and adult emerges ready to mate in 24 -48 hours
|
|
|
What type of mosquitoe sucks blood?
|
female
|
|
|
Some mosquito hosts can exhibit
|
severe hypersensitivity reactions to mosquito saliva and secondary bacterial infections can occur
|
|
|
Aedes spp characteristics
|
1/2 of NA species
attack during evening deposit eggs singly on ground, watelrine or slightly above waterline in containers |
|
|
Aedes aegypti transmits
|
Yellow fever via host monkeys
|
|
|
Aedes aegypti also transmits
|
EEE, WEE, VEE via bird reservoirs
|
|
|
A. albopictus transmits
|
dengue fever
introduced to US in Houston via boat load of tires |
|
|
Aedes mosquitoes transmit what disease to dogs?
|
heartworm
|
|
|
Aedes transmits what disease to birds?
|
plasmodium
|
|
|
Aedes may transmit
|
WNV to horses, humans and birds, but mostly Culex
|
|
|
Horses and humans are ??? hosts for WNV
|
dead-end hosts
|
|
|
1st confirmed case of WNV in Texas was
|
a horse in Harris County - euthanized
|
|
|
Anopheles mosquito characteristics
|
long palps
near permanent bodies of water adults active at night |
|
|
Anopheles transmits
|
Malaria
Dirofilaria immitis VEE maybe WNV |
|
|
Culex mosquitoes lay eggs in
|
rafts, catch basins
|
|
|
Culex life cycle takes
|
10 - 14 days
|
|
|
Culex mosquitoes have a
|
high pitched hum.
|
|
|
Culex transmits
|
Avian Plasmodium, Dirofilaria, immitis, EEE, WEE, St. Louis, and is a primary vector of WNV
|
|
|
To control mosquitoes control the
|
larvae
|
|
|
Black flies are also called
|
buffalo gnats
|
|
|
Black flies are from the Family
|
Simuliidae
1500 known species |
|
|
What genus of Black Flies is important?
|
simulium
|
|
|
Simulium females are
|
blood suckers and are
oviparious |
|
|
Simulium characteristics
|
1/4 inches or less, stout bodies, humped backed flies, short tapered antenna with short setae
|
|
|
Simulium breeds in
|
running water, high O2 content, low organic matter in H2O.
|
|
|
Simulium are
|
vicious biters, daytime flyers, travel long distances
|
|
|
Simulium swarms have been associated with
|
loss of production and deaths of animals due to suffocation
|
|
|
Simulium saliva contains
|
toxin that increases capilary permeability and causes edema of nasal passages
|
|
|
Adult female Simulium feed on
|
poultry, cattle, and horses, preferentially on the ears
|
|
|
Simulium transmits
|
Leucocytozoon spp in birds
EEE, Vesicular stomatitis in horses and cattle |
|
|
Biting Midges are from
|
Family Ceratopogonidae
|
|
|
Biting Midges have 1 genus
|
culicoides
|
|
|
What Biting Midgies suck blood?
|
females,
evening or early morning - crepuscular |
|
|
Midges females are ____parious
|
Oviparious
|
|
|
Culicoides is prime transmiter of?
|
Blue tongue disease
|
|
|
Culicoides characteristics
|
Long beaded antenna with long setae
patterned wings blade-like piercing mouth parts |
|
|
Culicoides breed in
|
margins of lakes
in tree holes swamps plants |
|
|
Culicoides feed how
|
suck blood - painful
nocturnal crepuscular |
|
|
Culicoides swarm can cause
|
anemia or suffocation
|
|
|
Culicoides cause what in horses?
|
Sweet Itch
Queensland itch |
|
|
Culicoides transmits
|
Onchocerca - horses
Haemoproteus - birds Chandlerella quisali - birds Blue Tongue Virus - ruminants VEE - horses |
|
|
Sandflies are from the family?
|
Psycodidae
|
|
|
Sandflies characteristics
|
hairy, slender flies with long antennae
breed in moist dark places, rotting vegetation, organic material |
|
|
Sandflies are active
|
at night, poor flyers,
|
|
|
Sandflies have what mouth parts
|
medium length piercing mouthparts
|
|
|
Sandflies have what genera
|
Phlebotomus EEE
Lutsomvia WEE |
|
|
Sandflies transmit
|
Leishmania - dogs, cats, humans
Vesicular stomatitis virus (cattle, horses, pigs |
|
|
Premis flies are
|
House, and stable flies
|
|
|
House flies breed in
|
manure
|
|
|
Premise flies are commonly associated with
|
buildup of wet organic matter near domestic animals
|
|
|
Premise flies are from the Family
|
Muscidae
|
|
|
Premise flies life cycle is completed in
|
7 - 10 days
|
|
|
Adult premise flies can be found on
|
sunny vertical surfaces.
|
|
|
Musca domestica common name
|
common house fly
|
|
|
Musca domestica characteristics
|
1/6 - 1/4 inch long, non-metallic, black and gray striped thorax, abdomen yellowish-brown
|
|
|
Musca domestica mouth parts
|
Sponging mouth parts
|
|
|
Musca domestica feeds on
|
both sexes feed on nasal and eye secretions, or blood if wound is present, and on moisture from fecal material
|
|
|
Musca domestica cannot
|
initiate a new wound
|
|
|
House flies lay eggs where?
|
manure or garbage
|
|
|
House flies are only on host when
|
feeding - eyes, nose, mouth
|
|
|
House flies mechanically transmit
|
Enterobacteriacea
Moraxella bovis Entamoeba histolytica Taenia |
|
|
House flies transmit biologically
|
Draschia and Habronema in horses
Choaenotaenia of chickens |
|
|
Musca domestica fly larvae ingest
|
nematode larvae or eggs
|
|
|
Stomoxys calcitrans is also called
|
stable flies
|
|
|
Stomoxys calcitrans is frequently mistaken for
|
common house fly because similar size
|
|
|
Stomoxys calcitrans differ from house fly by
|
checkerboard ventral abdominal markings, abdomen shorter and broader than house fly
|
|
|
Stomoxys calcitrans had
|
piercing-sucking mouth parts - not sponging
|
|
|
Stomoxyx calcitrans feeds on
|
blood only - lower legs and ventrum of livestock and ears of dogs - both sexes
|
|
|
Stomoxys calcitrans are active when?
|
day biting
|
|
|
Stomoxys calcitrans lay eggs where
|
rotting vegetation to lay eggs, wet large hound hay bales, yard clippings
|
|
|
Stomoxys calcitrans mechanically transmits
|
equine infectious anemia
anaplasma marginale (rickettsia) |
|
|
Stomoxys calcitrans biologically transmits
|
Braschia and Habronema (along with Musca dometicus)
|
|
|
Both house and stable flies can cause significant damage by
|
stress and irritations
|
|
|
Both house and stable flies feed by
|
slashing and tearing skin and then come back and sponge up pooled blood
|
|
|
Pasture or range flies include
|
horse, deer, horn, face flies, and keds
|
|
|
Horse and deer flies are part of the Family
|
Tabanidae,
30 genera |
|
|
Family Tabanidae important genera are
|
Tabanus, and Chrysops
|
|
|
The horse fly is waht genera
|
Tabanus
|
|
|
The deer fly is what genera
|
Chrysops
|
|
|
Horse and deer fly characteristics
|
Large robust flies, large prominent eyes
Heads are D -shaped, short medium antenna - 3 segments |
|
|
Tabanus spp antenna characteristics
|
Held close to head, looks like a claw
|
|
|
Chyrsops spp antenna characteristics
|
stretched out in front
|
|
|
Feeding characteristics of Tabanidae
|
slashing and sponging mouth-parts.
Only adults are blood feeders and are intermittent feeders. |
|
|
Tabanidae larvae feeding habits
|
carnivorous
aquatic to semi-aquatic habitats day time feeders on cattle/horses vicious biters, strong fliers, seek prey by sight, dark moving shapes |
|
|
Deer flies are more common in the
|
spring
|
|
|
Horse flies are more common in the
|
fall and winter
|
|
|
Tabanidae mechanically transmit
|
Anthrax, Anaplasmosis, EIA, Bovine lymphoma
|
|
|
Tabanidae biologically transmit
|
Trypanosoma theileri
Elaeophora schneideri |
|
|
Tabanidae may transmit
|
Hog cholera virus, vesicular stomatitius virus
|
|
|
Control of Tabanidae adults
|
Fly trap, but must pick good locations where flies attracted and have trap they are attracted to.
|
|
|
Horn fly
|
Haemotabia irritans
Family Muscidae |
|
|
Haematobia irritans adult flies are how big
|
Adult flies small 1/8 inch long, 1/2 size of house fly or stable fly
|
|
|
Haematobia irritans characteristics
|
piercing-sucking mouth parts but no sponging mouth parts
|
|
|
Horn fly feeding habits
|
both sexes are intermittent blood-suckers, may feed 20 - 30 times per day
|
|
|
What is the most important and economically damaging pests fo range cattle
|
Horn fly Haematobia irritans
|
|
|
Horn flies feed on what species and reproduce where?
|
Cows mostly, but other other species near cows.
deposit eggs in cow manure only |
|
|
Haematobia irritans spend most of life where
|
On host, female only leaves to lay eggs
|
|
|
Haematobia irritans transmits
|
Stephanofilaria stilesi
Staphylococcus aureus |
|
|
Haematobia irritans is controlled by
|
spraying dipping, dusting, pour-on's self-application devices
|
|
|
Oral larvicides and sustained-release bolus formulations effect Horn flies how
|
prevent larval development, not effective against adults
|
|
|
Musca autumnalis transmits what
|
Moraxella bovis - cattle
Thelazia - horse |
|
|
Ked are from what family
|
Family Hippoboscidae
|
|
|
Keds spend most of their life where
|
on the host
|
|
|
Melophagus ovinus common name
|
sheep ked
|
|
|
Melophagus ovinus feeding habits
|
on host all the time
|
|
|
Melophagus females deposit
|
full grown larvae
|
|
|
Melophagus is host
|
specific - sheep.
|
|
|
Ked larvae quickly
|
pupate (within few hours) still attached to host
|
|
|
Ked transmission is by
|
direct host contact
|
|
|
Keds transmit
|
non-pathogenic protozoa Trypanosoma melophagium
|
|
|
Ked control is via
|
ivermectin
|
|
|
Deer keds are
|
Lipoptena cervi -
|
|
|
Deer keds are different from sheep keds by
|
having wings for short time that are then shed
|
|
|
Myiasis
|
infestation of host living tissue by fly larvae
|
|
|
Myiasis can be either
|
Obligate or Facultative
|
|
|
Obligate myiasis is
|
larve requireing a live host to complete its life-cycle - dermal or internal
|
|
|
Facultative myiasis is
|
fly larvae which become parasitic under certain conditions - visit area because of bad smell
|
|
|
Conditions necessary for facultative dermal myiasis
|
necrotic lesions
build up of manure or urine on an animal failure of a mother to properly dry a newborn animal wet wool or hair which ferments due to bacterial activity. |
|
|
What are the 5 Families of flys that are of veterinary importance
|
Calliphoridae- blow flies
Sarcophagidae - flesh flies Gasterophilidae - bot flies Cuterebridae - rabbit or rodent bots Oestridae - bots |
|
|
Blow flies
|
Family Calliphoridae - REPORTABLE
|
|
|
Primary Screwworm scientific name
|
Cochliomyia hominivorax
|
|
|
Chocliomyia hominivorax feeds on
|
living tissue only.
|
|
|
Primary screwworm fly is what size
|
twice the size of a house fly
|
|
|
Screwworm unique characteristics
|
3rd instar - pigmented tracheal trunks.
|
|
|
Adult female screwworms lay eggs
|
in tick bite wound, cut, or open tissue including navel of new born.
|
|
|
Screwworms cause tissue damage by
|
larvae liquifying tissues as they feed, enlarging the wound
|
|
|
Other blow flies are
|
Calliphora, Lucilia, Phormia, Phaenicia, and Chochliomyia macellaria
|
|
|
Other blow fly characteristics
|
Meatllic colored, sponging mouth parts, lack pigmented tracheal trunks,
|
|
|
Sheep blow fly infestation is called
|
Fly strike, fleece worm.
|
|
|
Blow fly maggots can be identified by
|
odor
|
|
|
Family Sarcophagidae is called
|
Flesh flies
|
|
|
Flesh fly characteristics
|
facultative/obligate dermal myiasis
Gray bodies with striped thorax, checkered abdomen, sponging mouth parts |
|
|
Adult female flesh flies are
|
laviparous - lay living larvae
|
|
|
Rabbit or Rodent bots
|
Rabbit or Rodent bots
|
|
|
Cuterebridae adults are what size
|
large hairy flies
|
|
|
Cuterebridae adults feed
|
not at all
|
|
|
Removal of cuterebridae
|
carefully, surgically
destruction of larvae in animal causes anaphalaxis. |
|
|
Gasterophilidae species
|
G. Intestinalis - Horse bot
G. nasalis - chin or throat bot G. haemorrhoidalis - nose bot |
|
|
Differences in Gasterophilidae are
|
species and where they attache their legs
|
|
|
Gasterophilidae life cycle
|
fly lays eggs on horse or donkey legs and then horse licks egg, larvae hatches, enters mouth, travels to stomach (nonglandular)
|
|
|
Gasterophilidae intestinalis characteristics
|
double row of spines on segments.
|
|
|
Gasterophilidae nasalis characteristics
|
eggs attached in submandibular region
3rd stage larvae have single row of spines. |
|
|
Gasterophilus heamorrhoidalis is also called
|
Nose bot.
|
|
|
G. haemorrhoidalis infects
|
noses of horses
|
|
|
G. haemorrhoidalis characteristics
|
double row of spines on segments
|
|
|
Control of G. nasalis, and intestinalis
|
Treat 30 days following first killing frost when most bots in stomach
|
|
|
Family Oestridae has the common name ssp of
|
Sheep nose bot
Northern Cattle Grub Common Cattle Grub, Heel fly |
|
|
Family Oestridea has what type of myiasis?
|
Obligate internal myiasis
|
|
|
Sheep bots are sensitive to
|
ivermectin
|
|
|
Hypdoerma spp
|
H. bovis,
H. lineatum |
|
|
Oestrus ovis is also called
|
Sheep bot
|
|
|
Hypoderma spp adult flies feed how
|
Don't feed. Only live 3 - 5 days.
|
|
|
Hypoderma spp lay eggs where
|
lay eggs on heals of
|
|
|
Hypoderma causes economic losses by
|
damaging hides, and excessive trimming of fat/muscle during larvael migration
|
|
|
Lice Order
|
Phthiraptera
|
|
|
Chewing lice suborder
|
Amblycera and Ishnocera
|
|
|
Sucking lice suborder
|
Anoplura
|
|
|
Chewing lice order
|
Anoplura
|
|
|
All lice spend their entire life on ____ and are _______ ___parasites
|
the host
obligate ectoparasites |
|
|
Lice are very
|
host specific
|
|
|
Sucking lice cause more harm because
|
they suck blood
|
|
|
Both chewing and sucking lice cause
|
irritation, pururitis, and hair loss due to rubbing
|
|
|
Lice characteristics
|
wingless, dorso-ventrally flattened
|
|
|
Lice feed on
|
epidermal tissue debris, sebaceous secretions and blood.
|
|
|
Lice carry out ____________ metamorphosis
|
Imcomplete matamorphosis
|
|
|
Lice females lay eggs
|
glued to hair/feathers of host
|
|
|
Lice disease transmission
|
less important than direct effects of feeding
|
|
|
Lice transmission is via
|
direct contact, and exposure to bedding.
|
|
|
Chewing biting lice characteristics
|
head is wider than thorax.
lack wings and eyes |
|
|
Chewing/biting lice are primarily ectoparasites of
|
birds and mammals
|
|
|
Characteristic of bird chewing lice
|
2 claws at apex
|
|
|
Characteristic of mammal lice
|
1 claw at apex
|
|
|
Chewing lice feed on
|
hair feathers dandruff and scales
|
|
|
Chewing lice cause economic damage by
|
causing damage to hides
|
|
|
Family Trichodectidae of lice has what members
|
Trichodectes canis
Felicola subrostratus Bovicola |
|
|
Trichodectidea member Bovicola has what species
|
B. limbatus - Goat
B. crassipes - Goat B. bovis - Cattle B. equi - horse B. ovis - sheep |
|
|
Family boopiidae species
|
Hererodoxus spiniger
|
|
|
B. equi is the
|
only species of horse chewing louse.
|
|
|
B. bovis feed on cattle .......
|
shoulders and dorsal midline
|
|
|
Heterodoxus spiniger infects what species
|
dogs and coyotes
|
|
|
Heterodoxus spiniger physical characteristics
|
Triangular head with backward facing spikes on ventrum
Antennae hidden |
|
|
Louse Family Philpteridae infects what species
|
Birds
|
|
|
Louse Family Philpteridae members
|
Goniogotes gallinae
Goniodes gigas Chelpistes meleagridis |
|
|
Goniogotes gallinae infects
|
chickens, pheasants, and pigeons
|
|
|
Goniocotes gallinae characteristics
|
2 long setae, antennae projected, not clubbed
|
|
|
Goniodes gigas characteristics
|
3 setae at margin of temporal lobe
|
|
|
Chelopistes meleagridis infects
|
wild and domestic turkeys
|
|
|
Chelopistes meleagridis characteristics
|
1 long setae at en of temporal lobe
|
|
|
Louse Family Menoponidae members
|
Menopon gallinae
Menacanthus stramineus |
|
|
Menopon gallinae infects ? and has what characteristics
|
chickens, ducks and pigeons
Less hairy than menacanthus stramineus |
|
|
Menacanthus stramineus infects? and has what characteristics
|
Chickens, turkey, peafowl, and pheasant
2 spines underside of head pathogenic to young birds. |
|
|
Sucking lice have suborder _____
|
Anoplura
|
|
|
Sucking lice characteristics
|
head longer than narrower.
small thorax, large abdomen, legs robust no eyes (except human lice) Tarsus has 1 claw |
|
|
Sucking bird lice
|
None
|
|
|
Anoplura has 2 important families
|
Haemotopinus ansini - horse
Haemotopinus suis - hog |
|
|
Haemotopinus suis is a vector of
|
Mycoplasma haemosuis
|
|
|
Haematopinus eurysternus
|
Short-nosed cattle louse
|
|
|
Haematopinus quadripertusus
|
Cattle tail louse
|
|
|
Family Linognathidae members
|
Linognathus vituli
Linognathus setosus Solenoptes capillatus |
|
|
Linognathus vituli
|
long nose cattle louse
|
|
|
Linognathus setosus
|
Dog and foxes
causes anemia |
|
|
Solenoptes capillatus
|
Little Blue Louse
face and body of cattle - abdominal spiracles on raised tubercles |
|
|
Control and treatment of lice
|
Ivermectin is helping control
|
|
|
Human lice defining characteristic
|
EYES
Pediculus and Phthirus |
|
|
Human head lice
|
P.h. capitus
|
|
|
Human body lice
|
P. h. humanus
|
|
|
P. h. humanus is vector for
|
Rickettsia prowazekii and Bartonells quintana
|
|
|
Pthirus pubis
|
crab louse
head hort, no neck, eyes well developed, lobes wtih setae on abdominal segments |
