Orchestration Stings Quiz

Front 1

At the point

Back 1

Play only near the tip of the bow

Front 2

At the frog

Back 2

Play only near the frog, the bottom, of the bow

Front 3

Sul Tasto

Back 3

To bow over the fingerboard

Front 4

Sul Ponticello

Back 4

To bow as close to the bridge as possible

Front 5

Sul (C), G, D, A, E

Back 5

To play the passage only on the specified string

Front 6

Scordatura

Back 6

out of tune; i.e., an alternative tuning used for the strings of a string instrument

Front 7

Spiccato

Back 7

distinct, separated; i.e., a way of playing the violin and other bowed instruments by bouncing the bow on the string, giving a characteristic staccato effect

Front 8

Double stops

Back 8

the technique of playing two notes simultaneously on a bowed string instrument

Front 9

Pizzacato

Back 9

To pluck a string

Front 10

Up bow symbol

Back 10

V

Front 11

Down bow symbol

Back 11

π

Front 12

Trills

Back 12

a musical ornament consisting of a rapid alternation between two adjacent notes, usually a semitone or tone apart

Front 13

Jete

Back 13

the bow is thrown on the string, and then bounces for several notes in the same bow direction

Front 14

Martele

Back 14

"hammered" Each note is percussive, and commences with a sharp accent or "pinch" at the beginning of the note, followed by a quick release.

Front 15

Loure

Back 15

a short series of gently pulsed legato notes executed in one bow stroke (it is also known as portato)

Front 16

Staccato

Back 16

Staccato indicates the bow should remain on the string to play shortened and detached notes, distinctly separate from successive notes

Front 17

Detache

Back 17

Détaché indicates smooth, separate bow strokes should be used for each note (it does not mean detached or disconnected). Notes are of equal value, and are produced with an even, seamless stroke with no variation in pressure.

Front 18

Legato

Back 18

Legato indicates the notes should be smoothly connected, played either in one or several bows (slurs are often used with the legato bow stroke).

Front 19

Divisi

Back 19

a part in which several musicians normally play exactly the same notes they are instead to split the playing of the written simultaneous notes among themselves.

Front 20

Portamento

Back 20

generally, sliding in pitch from one note to another, usually pausing just above or below the final pitch, then sliding quickly to that pitch.

Front 21

Arpeggiando (a.k.a. arpeggiato)

Back 21

a way of playing a chord: starting with the lowest note, and with successively higher notes rapidly joining in. Sometimes the effect is reversed, so that the highest note is played first.

Front 22

Col Legno

Back 22

To hit the string with the wood of the bow

Front 23

Glissando

Back 23

a continuous sliding from one pitch to another

Front 24

Strings on a Double Bass and their Roman numerals

Back 24

E(IV) A(III) D(II) G(I)

Front 25

Strings on a Cello and their Roman numerals

Back 25

C(IV) G(III) D(II) A(I)

Front 26

Strings on a viola and their Roman numerals

Back 26

C(IV) G(III) D(II) A(I)

Front 27

Strings on a violin and their Roman numerals

Back 27

G(IV) D(III) A(II) E(I)

Front 28

Why may a double stop not be possible?

Back 28

-notes are out of the range
-the two notes can only be played on the same string
-the notes can not be played on adjacent strings (such as A3 on the G string and C5 on either the D or A string)

Front 29

What are natural harmonics? How are they played?

Back 29

Produced on open strings, they resonate with the harmonic series of the open string, they are played by very lightly touching the string. These sound the pitch of where the string is touched.

Front 30

What is an artificial harmonic? How are they played?

Back 30

Artificial harmonics are harmonics played by changing the string length. This is played by pressing down hard with one finger and a 4th above it, lightly touching the string. This pitch sounds 2 octaves above the note that is pressed down hard.

Front 31

Parts of the instrument

Back 31

Violin top to bottom:
-scroll
-peg box
-pegs
-nut
-neck
-fingerboard
-bridge
-f-holes
-fine tuners
-tail piece
-violin/viola: chin rest
-Cell/bass have endpins (not in image)

Bow top to bottom
-Tip (head)
-stick/wood
-horse hair
-winding
-frog
-screw (no arrow on diagram, is the very bottom part)

Front 32

Put on a mute in Italian, French German

Back 32

-con sordino
-con sourdine
-mit Dämpfer /Dämpfer auf

Front 33

Take off a mute in Italian, French, German

Back 33

- senza sordino
-senza sourdine
- ohne Dämpfer (Dämpfer ab/weg)

Front 34

Types of tremolos

Back 34

Bowed Tremolo: repeating a single pitch as fast as possible with as many bow strokes as possible

Fingered Tremolo: similar to a trill where you change pitch, but it can be pitches farther than a step apart and can also use bowed tremolo technique