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189 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bones that make up bony orbit?
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sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid, maxilla, zygomatic, palatine, lacrimal
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What bones make up the roof of the bony orbit?
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frontal and sphenoid bone
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Frontal bone part of which wall of bony orbit?
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roof
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Sphenoid bone part of which walls of bony orbit?
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roof, lateral wall, and medial wall
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What wall of bony orbit is between orbit and cranial fossa?
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roof
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What bones make up the floor of the bony orbit?
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maxilla, zygomatic, palatine
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Maxilla part of which walls of bony orbit?
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floor and medial wall
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Zygomatic bone part of which walls of bony orbit?
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floor and lateral wall
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Palatine bone part of which wall of bony orbit?
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floor
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What bones make up the medial wall of the bony orbit?
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maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid
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What wall of bony orbit is between orbit and maxillary sinus?
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floor
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Lacrimal bone part of which wall of bony orbit?
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medial wall
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Ethmoid bone part of which wall of bony orbit?
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medial wall
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Which wall of bony orbit is between orbit and nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus?
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medial wall
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bones making up lateral wall of bony orbit?
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zygomatic and sphenoid bones
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Which wall of bony orbit is between orbit and temporal fossa?
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lateral wall
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outer tough covering of the eye
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sclera
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continuation of dura mater around the eye
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sclera
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contains blood vessels of the eye
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choroid
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light-sensitive layer of the eye
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retina
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transmission of light through eye
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cornea
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allows accommodation of distance in the eye
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ciliary bodies
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runs w/ Optic CN II?
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ophthalmic a.
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What lines the orbit?
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periorbita
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superior orbital fissure opens into?
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bony orbit
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inferior orbital fissure opens into?
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bony orbit
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optic foramen opens into?
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bony orbit
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supraorbital foramen opens into?
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bony orbit
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infraorbital canal opens into?
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bony orbit
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anterior ethmoidal foramen opens into?
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bony orbit
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posterior ethmoidal foramen opens into?
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bony orbit
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zygomaticoorbital foramen opens into?
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bony orbit
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Nasolacrimal canal opens into?
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bony orbit
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Lacrimal foramen opens into?
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bony orbit
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Where does zygomatic n. branch into zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal nn.?
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zygomaticoorbital foramen
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Which fascia is posteriorly continuous w/ the periosteal layer of dura mater?
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periorbita
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Which fascia is anteriorly continuous w/ the orbital septum?
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periorbita
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What becomes differentiated at the margin of the orbital septum as the tarsal plate?
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periorbita
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Which fascia continues over Optic CN II to blend w/ the sclera?
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periorbita
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surrounds eyeball, except at the cornea, and is loosely attached to the sclera
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fascia bulbi (Tenon's capsule)
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sends tubes of fascia to surround each m.
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fascia bulbi (Tenon's capsule)
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extensions of fascia from the lateral rectus m. and medial rectus m. to the periosteum to prevent too great a medial and lateral movement
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check ligaments
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extensions of fascia around the inferior rectus m. and inferior oblique m.
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suspensory ligaments
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area posterior to insertion of fascial sheaths of the four rectus mm. with the bulb where the sheaths expand laterally to fuse w/ each other
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intermuscular membrane cone
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meeting points of two eyelids
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canthi (angles)
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medial end to eyelashes
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lacrimal papilla
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opening on lacrimal papilla
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punctum
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drains tears to nasal cavity
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lacrimal punctum
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"tear lake" that separates the medial canthus from the globe
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lacus lacrimalis
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conjunctival fold at the base of the lacus lacrimalis
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plica semilunaris
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fleshy elevation on lacus lacrimalis
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lacrimal caruncle
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thinnest layer of skin in the body is found where?
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eyelid
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m. that encircles eye
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orbicularis oculi m.
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Action: orbicularis oculi m.
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closes eye
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Innervation: orbicularis oculi m.
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Facial CN VII
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Origin: levator palpebrae superioris m.
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sphenoid bone superior to optic canal
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Insertion: levator palpebrae superioris m.
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superior eyelid
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Action: levator palpebrae superioris m.
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elevates eyelid
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Innervation: levator palpebrae superioris m.
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superior division of Oculomotor CN III
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Origin: palpebral m. of Muller
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inferior surface of levator palpebrae superioris m.
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Insertion: palpebral m. of Muller
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superior margin of tarsal plate
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Innervation: palpebral m. of Muller
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sympathetic
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splits to envelop lacrimal sac
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medial palpebral ligament
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anterior portion of this provides part of the origin of orbicularis oculi m.?
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medial palpebral ligament
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stabilize tarsal plate and move tears across eye
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medial palpebral and lateral palpebral ligaments
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modified sebaceous gland that lubricates the lid margin
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tarsal (Meibomian) glands
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modified sweat glands between eyelashes
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ciliary glands (of Moll)
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obstruction of sebaceous (tarsal) glands
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chalazion
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obstruction of ciliary gland ducts
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sty (stye)
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conjunctiva lining the eyelid
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palpebral conjunctiva
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conjunctiva covering anterior eyeball
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bulbar conjunctiva
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found at the junction of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctivi
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superior and inferior conjunctival fornices
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viral infection of conjunctiva
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pink eye
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layers of eyelid?
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skin, mm., fascia, conjunctiva, fat
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tears travel across which part of the eye?
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superolateral portion of orbit
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pathway of tears?
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across eye and down through nose: lacrimal gland to lacrimal ducts and across eye to punctum; then to canaliculi; to lacrimal sac; to nasolacrimal duct into inferior meatus of nose
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blood supply to lacrimal apparatus?
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lacrimal a. (ophthalmic a. from internal carotid a.)
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sensory innervation to lacrimal apparatus?
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lacrimal branch of Ophthalmic V1
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parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal apparatus?
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Facial CN VII
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"eye dropper" of eye?
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lacrimal sac
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location of lacrimal sac?
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behind medial palpebral ligament
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Pressure is exerted on which structures to "squeeze out" tears?
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punctum and canaliculi
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Origin: superior rectus m.
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anulus tendineus (of Zinn)
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location of Annulus tendon of Zinn?
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surrounds optic canal and medial end of superior orbital fissure
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Origin: medial rectus m.
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anulus tendineus (of Zinn)
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Origin: inferior rectus m.
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anulus tendineus (of Zinn)
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Origin: lateral rectus m.
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anulus tendineus (of Zinn)
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Insertion: superior rectus m.
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sclera anterior to the equator of the globe
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Insertion: inferior rectus m.
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sclera anterior to the equator of the globe
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Insertion: medial rectus m.
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sclera anterior to the equator of the globe
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Insertion: lateral rectus m.
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sclera anterior to the equator of the globe
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Innervation: superior rectus m.
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superior division of Oculomotor CN III
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Innervation: inferior rectus m.
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inferior division of Oculomotor CN III
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Innervation: medial rectus m.
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inferior division of Oculomotor CN III
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Innervation: lateral rectus m.
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Abducens CN VI
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Action: superior rectus m.
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moves eyeball up and in
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Action: inferior rectus m.
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moves eyeball down and in
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Action: lateral rectus m.
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moves eyeball outwardly
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Action: medial rectus m.
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moves eyeball inwardly
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Which m. has a change of direction via the trochlea?
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superior oblique m.
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Origin: superior oblique m.
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sphenoid bone superior to origin of medial rectus m.
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Insertion: superior oblique m.
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sclera posterior to the equator of the globe
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Innervation: superior oblique m.
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Trochlear CN IV
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Action: superior oblique m.
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moves eye inferiorly (down) and laterally (out)
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Origin: inferior oblique m.
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maxilla near nasolacrimal canal
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Insertion: inferior oblique m.
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posterolateral aspect of globe
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Action: inferior oblique m.
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moves eye superiorly (up) and laterally (out)
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Innervation: inferior oblique m.
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inferior division of Oculomotor CN III
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adducts the eyeball?
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medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus mm.
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abducts the eyeball?
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lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique mm.
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elevates the eyeball?
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superior rectus and inferior oblique mm.
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depresses the eyeball?
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inferior rectus and superior oblique mm.
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medially rotates the eyeball?
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superior oblique and superior rectus mm.
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laterally rotates the eyeball?
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inferior oblique and inferior rectus mm.
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condition characterized by eyes voluntarily protruded out of skull
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Double Whammy syndrome
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double vision
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diplopia
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branches of ophthalmic a.
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central retinal, posterior ciliary, meningeal, lacrimal, supraorbital, supratrochlear, posterior ethmoidal, anterior ethmoidal, dorsal nasal aa.
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central retinal a. a branch of?
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ophthalmic a.
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posterior ciliary a. a branch of?
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ophthalmic a.
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meningeal a. a branch of?
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ophthalmic a.
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lacrimal a. a branch of?
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ophthalmic a.
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supraorbital a. a branch of?
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ophthalmic a.
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supratrochlear a. a branch of?
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ophthalmic a.
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posterior ethmoidal a. a branch of?
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ophthalmic a.
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anterior ethmoidal a. a branch of?
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ophthalmic a.
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dorsal nasal a. a branch of?
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ophthalmic a.
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a. that travels through Optic CN II to the retina?
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central retinal a.
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Which a. causes instant and total blindness when cut?
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central retinal a.
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branches of posterior ciliary a.?
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long and short posterior ciliary aa.
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a. that supplies ciliary body?
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long posterior ciliary a.
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a. that supplies choroid layer?
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short posterior ciliary a.
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Which a. causes slow, painless blindness when cut?
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posterior ciliary a.
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branches of lacrimal a.?
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glandular and palpebral branches
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Which a. supplies lacrimal gland?
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glandular branch of lacrimal a. (ophthalmic a.)
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Which a. supplies lateral eyelid and anterior eyeball?
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palpebral branches of lacrimal a. (ophthalmic a.)
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Which a. supplies the scalp, eyelid and forehead?
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supraorbital a. (ophthalmic a.)
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Which a. supplies the scalp, eyelid and area above nose?
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supratrochlear a. (ophthalmic a.)
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Which a. supplies the ethmoids and frontal sinus?
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posterior ethmoidal a.
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branches of anterior ethmoidal a.?
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meningeal, nasal, external nasal aa.
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condition caused in "danger zone" of face where infections are pushed back through cavernous sinuses because there are no valves in the vv.
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cavernous sinus thrombosis
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Which nn. supply motor innervation to orbit?
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Oculomotor CN III, Trochlear CN IV, Abducens CN VI
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What mm. receive motor innervation from superior division of Oculomotor CN III?
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levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus mm.
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What mm. receive motor innervation from inferior division of Oculomotor CN III?
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medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique mm., n. to ciliary ganglion
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What m. receives motor innervation from Trochlear CN IV?
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superior oblique m.
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What m. receives motor innervation from Abducens CN VI?
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lateral rectus m.
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condition caused by lesion to Abducens CN VI where eyes "cross"
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medial strabismus
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Medial strabismus caused by lesion of what n.?
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Abducens CN VI
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Sensory innervation of orbit provided by?
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Ophthalmic V1
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branches of Ophthalmic V1?
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meningeal, lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary nn.
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Meningeal n. branch of?
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Ophthalmic V1
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Lacrimal n. branch of?
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Ophthalmic V1
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Frontal n. branch of?
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Ophthalmic V1
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Nasociliary n. branch of?
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Ophthalmic V1
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Where does Ophthalmic V1 leave the cranial cavity?
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superior orbital fissure
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What n. supplies sensory innervation to the lacrimal gland and superior eyelid?
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lacrimal n. V1
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What n. supplies sensory innervation to eyelid and scalp?
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supraorbital n. V1 (frontal n.)
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branches of frontal n.?
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supratrochlear and supraorbital nn.
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What n. supplies sensory innervation to eyelid, nose, and scalp?
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supratrochlear n. V1 (frontal n.)
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branches of nasociliary n.?
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sensory root to ciliary ganglion, long ciliary, posterior ethmoidal, infratrochlear, anterior ethmoidal nn.
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The sensory root to the ciliary ganglion comes from?
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nasociliary n. V1
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long ciliary n. branch from?
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nasociliary n. V1
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posterior ethmoidal n. branch of?
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nasociliary n. V1
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infratrochlear n. branch of?
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nasociliary n. V1
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anterior ethmoidal n. branch of?
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nasociliary n. V1
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What n. supplies sensory innervation to the nose, inferior eyelid, lacrimal sac, and lacrimal caruncle?
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infratrochlear n. V1 (nasociliary n.)
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What n. supplies sensory innervation to meningeal layer, nasal cavity, and external nasal area?
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anterior ethmoidal n. V1 (nasociliary n.)
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location of preganglionic cell bodies in parasympathetic pathway to constrict pupil?
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Edinger-Westphal nucleus
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pathway of preganglionic fibers in parasympathetic pathway to constrict pupil?
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inferior division of Oculomotor CN III
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location of postganglionic cell bodies in parasympathetic pathway to constrict pupil?
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ciliary ganglion
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pathway of postganglionic fibers in parasympathetic pathway to constrict pupil?
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short ciliary nn.
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what a. runs with short ciliary n.?
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ophthalmic a.
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target organs for parasympathetic pathway to constrict pupil?
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ciliaris and sphincter pupillae mm.
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location of preganglionic cell bodies of sympathetic pathway to dilate pupil?
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IMLCC
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pathway of postganglionic fibers of sympathetic pathway to dilate pupil?
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along internal carotid a. and ophthalmic a. to short ciliary nn.
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target for sympathetic pathway in dilation of the pupil?
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dilator pupillae m.
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location of preganglionic cell bodies in parasympathetic pathway to activate lacrimal gland?
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superior salivatory nucleus
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pathway of preganglionic PS fibers in pathway to activate lacrimal gland?
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Facial CN VII through geniculate ganglion (no synapse) to greater petrosal n. to n. to pterygoid canal
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location of postganglionic PS cell bodies in pathway to activate lacrimal gland?
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pterygopalatine ganglion
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pathway of postganglionic PS fibers in pathway to activate lacrimal gland?
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pterygopalatine nn. (pursestring nn.) to maxillary V2 to zygomatic n. to communicating branch of zygomatic n. to lacrimal branch of Ophthalmic V1
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target of PS innervation to activate crying?
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lacrimal gland
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location of preganglionic S cell bodies in pathway to inhibit lacrimal gland?
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IMLCC
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pathway of postganglionic S fibers in pathway to inhibit lacrimal gland?
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along carotid a. to deep petrosal n. to n. of pterygoid canal through pterygopalatine ganglion (no synapse) to maxillary V2 to zygomatic n. to communicating branch of zygomatic n. to lacrimal branch of Ophthalmic V1
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target of S innervation to inhibit crying?
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lacrimal gland and palpebral m. of Muller
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old lens; harder, flatter lens w/ reduced focusing power; near vision compromised
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presbyopia
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loss of transparency of the lens
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cataract
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hemorrhage into the anterior chamber of the eye due to blunt trauma of the eyeball
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hyphema
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blocked drainage of aqueous humor resulting in pressure build-up in the chambers of the eye
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glaucoma
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Which ganglion essentially controls constriction/dilation and accommodation of distance?
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ciliary ganglion
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This is tested using a pen light during a neurologic exam, where both pupils should constrict when light is shined in one eye. Interruption (compression) of Optic CN II causes dilation and ipsilateral slowness of pupillary response to light.
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pupillary light reflex
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