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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is anemia?
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a disorder of oxygen-carrying capability either in RBC or a defect in the hemoglobin molecule (profusion disorder)
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what is the etiology of anemia?
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may be a result of dietary def., genetic, or autoimmune.
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what is magaloblastic anemia?
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large hemanopoetic cells located in the bone marrow, source of all blood cells, platelets and WBC's. This type of anemia does not require an intrinsic factor
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name three types dietary related anemia
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*iron deficiency
* pernicious; def in vitamin b12(cobalamin) due to a loss of intrinsic factor *folate def.:also called magaloblastic (parent of blood cells) anemia |
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What is thalassemia autosomal dominant
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a genetic form of anemia, results in an amino acid change in hemoglobin molecule.(when one amino acid has been substituted for the one that should be there
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thalassemia major:
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genetic form of anemia; a severe form of the disease resulting form homozygous inheritance (both are recessive; tt)
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thalassemia minor:
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a milder form of the disease resulting from heterozygous inheritance (T,t one dominant, one recessive
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what is sickle cell anemia?
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an autosomal dominant disease affecting predominately blacks and individuals of Mediteranean descent; defect is also an amino acid substitution in hemoglobin molecule, causeing the RBC's to assume a sickle shape and lead to congestion within capillaries and ischemai of the tissue
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sickle cell anemia
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this disease is the most severe form due to homozygous inheritance and sickle cell trait is a milder form due to heterozygous inheritance
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what are the oral manifestations of sickle cell anemia?
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angular cheiletis, atrophy of the oral mucosa, erythema of tongue, loss of filiform and fungiform papillae in severe or chronic cases
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clinical manifestaiton of sickle cell anemia?
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includes pallor and fatigue
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treatment for sickle cell anemia
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replace def. With pernicious anemia B12 injections are given to bypass the GI tract where the intrinsic factor is missing
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what is aplastic anemia
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results in a severe decrease of all circulating blood cells including red blood cells, white blood cells(leukopenia), and platelets (thrombocytopenis). Pts tend to be very, very sick. This is a very painful disease
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etiology of aplastic anemia
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primary: unknown
secondary: chemical or radiation |
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treatment of aplastic anemia?
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primary- supportive, but usually fatal
secondary- remove etiology |
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what is polycythemia?
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an abnormal increase in RBC count; either absolute (lack of oxygen)or relative
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what is the etiology of polycythemia?
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*neoplastic(primary polycythemia)- some type of malignancy in the bone marrow
*decrease in oxygen(secondary) *decreased plasma volume(relative) |
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what are the oral manifestations of polycythemia?
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evidence of purple to red mucosa, submucosal ecchymoses, petichiae or hematoma and spontaneous bleeding
treatment; chemotherapy and or the removal of the etiology |
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what is agranulocytosis
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a severe reduction in circulating granulocytes, especially neutrophils, due to either a defect in production or accelerated destruction (susceptibility to opportunistic infections)
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what are the clinical manifestations of agranulocytosis?
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severe infections with fever, malaise, and necrotising ulcerations.
Treatment is antibiotics and transfusions |
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what is cyclic neutropenia?
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periodic cycles of neutrophils decrease with cycles of normal count usually over a three to four week interval. severe infections, ulcerations, gingival and periodontal infections
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