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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 factors that must be present for micro organisms to cause disease |
Organism must be capable of causing disease individual must be susceptible to the disease |
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What are 3 things the microorganism must defeat to cause disease |
Must gain access to the body Accomoadate growth in the human environment avoid host defenses |
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What are the most common infectious diseases |
Bacterial Fungal Viral |
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Changes such as a decrease in salivary flow, antibiotic administration, and immune system altercations affect the oral microflora so that organisms that are usually nonpathogenic are able to cause disease |
Opportunistic infection |
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What is humoral immunity |
mediated by anitbodies effective defense against some microorganisms |
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What is cell mediated immunity |
T-cell lymphocytes Effective defense against intracellular bacteria, viruses, and fungi |
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List bacterial infections (9) |
Impetigo Tonsillitis and Pharyngitis Tuberculosis Actinomycosis Syphilis NUG Periocronitis Acute osteomyelitis Chronic Osteomyelitis |
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What is Impetigo |
Bacterial skin infection caused by Staphyloccus aureus and occasionally Streptococcus pyogenes
Vesicles that rupture Thick amber colored crusts Longer lasting Bullae
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Who is impetigo most often seen in |
Young children |
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What is necessary for infection |
Non intake skin |
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Are the lesions of Impetigo infectious |
YES Direct contact is required |
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what are treatments for Impetigo |
topical or systemic antibiotics |
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TONSILLITIS and PHARYNGITIS ..... |
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What is tonsillitis and pharyngitis |
Inflammatory conditions of the tonsils and pharngeal mucosa |
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What organisms can cause tonsillitis |
Streptocci Adenoviruses Influenza virus Epstein barr virus |
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What are clinical features for Tonsillitis and Pharyngitis (4) |
Sore throat Fever Tonsillar hyperplasia erythema of pharyngeal mucosa |
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Tonsillitis and Pharyngitis are caused by |
A B-hemolytic streptocci (scarlet fever and Rheumatic fever |
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Tonsillitis and Pharyngitis can be spread by |
Contact with infectious nasal or oral secretions |
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What has petechia on the soft palate and an appearance of the tongue that has a strawberry effect fungiform papillae are red and prominent with the dorsal surface of the tongue exhibiting a white coating |
Scarlet Fever |
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What is a childhood disease that follows a B-Hemolytic streptococcal infection and is characterized by an inflammatory reaction involving the heart, joints, and central nervous system |
Rheumatic fever |
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Rheumatic Fever may result in |
Damage to heart valves |
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What is an infectious chronic granulomatous disease that is usually caused by the organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis
primary infection of the lungs |
Tuberculosis |
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The bacteria can be carried to widespread areas of the body and cause involvement of organs what type of tuberculosis is this |
Miliary tuberculosis |
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Involvement of the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes causes enlargement of those nodes called what |
Scrofula or tuberculosis lymphadentitis |
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What are the most common site for oral lesions of tuberculosis |
Tongue and palate |
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How is tuberculosis diagnosised |
Biopsy : Chronic granulomatous lesions skin test Chest x-ray |
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What type of medication should be taken for tuberculosis |
INF and Rifampin |
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An infection caused by a filamentous bacterium Actinomyces israelii
most characteric form of the disease is the formation of abscesses that tend to drain by formation of sinus tracts |
Actinomycosis |
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The clinician makes a diagnosis of actinomycosis by identifying |
colonies in the tissue from the lesion appear as tiny yellow grains |
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Syphillis is caused by a? |
Spirochete : Treponema pallidum |
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Syphillis can be transmitted by |
Direct Sexual Transfusion of blood to a fetus from their mother |
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What are the different stages of syphillis and what are their oral lesions |
Primary- Chancre Secondary- mucous patch latent-none Tertiary -gumma |
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Which stage of syphillis is the most infectious |
Secondary |
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Secondary stage of syphillis occurs when |
6 weeks after the primary lesion appears |
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Which stage is the most contagious |
Primary |
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The tertiary stage primarily involves |
Cardiovascular system Nervous system |
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Is the tertiary stage infectious |
No |
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A gumma in the tertiary stage can occur where |
Palate and tongue |
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A gumma is a destructive lesion that can lead to a perforation of the |
Palatal bone |
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What type of syphilis is it when a fetus gets it from the mother through the placenta |
Congenital syphilis |
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What crosses the placenta and enters the fetal circulation |
Treponema pallidum |
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What is the treatment for syphilis |
Penicillin |
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A painful erythematous gingivitis with necrosis of interdental papillae most likely caused by both a fusiform bacillus and spirochete (Borrelia vincentii) |
NUG |
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What has a foul odor or metallic taste |
NUG |
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Inflammation around the crown of a partially erupted impacted tooth |
Pericoronitis |
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What is the most common area for Pericoronitis |
Mandibular third molar |
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Trauma from an opposing molar and impacted food under the soft tissue flap (operculum) may precipate what? |
Pericornitis |
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What is the treatment for Pericoronitis |
Mechanical debridement Irrigation of the pocket Systemic antibiotics removal of the offending tooth (long term) |
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What is an acute inflammation of the bone and one marrow most commonly the result of a periapical abscess |
Acute Osteomyelitis |
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Acute Osteomyelitis may follow or result from |
Fracture of a bone bacteremia |
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A long standing inflammation of bone, bone is painful and swollen
Radiographs reveal a diffuse and irregular radiolucency |
Chronic Osteomyelitis |
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When radiopacity develops on the radiograph with chronic osteomyelitis tis is known as |
Chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis |
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What are the treatment options for Chronic Osteomyelitis |
Debridement Administration of systemic antibiotics hyperbaric treatment |
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What are 3 different fungal infections |
Candidiasis Deep fungal infections Mucormycosis |
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An outcome of an overgrowth of candida albicans |
Candidiasis |
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Candidiasis is also known as |
Thrush |
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What is the most common oral fungal infection |
Candidiasis |
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What are the 7 different kinds of candidiasis |
Pseudomembranous candidiasis Erythematous Denture stomatitis Chronic Hyperplasic Angular chelilits Chronic mucocutneous candidiasis Median Rhomboid glossitis |
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What is the most common type of candidiasis |
Denture Stomatitis |
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Denture Stomatitis is the most common where |
Palate and maxillary alveolar ridge |
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A white curdlike material is present on the mucosal surface. The mucosa is erythematous underneath and the patient may have a burning sensation and metallic taste |
Pseudomembranous candidiasis |
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This type of candidiasis may be localized in one area of the oral mucosa or be more generalized. The presenting complaint is of an erythematous, often painful mucosa |
Erythmatous Candidiasis |
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What type of candidiasis appears as a white lesion that does not wipe off the mucosa and responds to antifungal medication |
Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis |
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Erythema or fissuring at the labial commisures most commonly from candida but may be caused by other factors such as nutritonal deficiency |
Angular Cheilitis |
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A severe from of candidiasis that usually occurs in patients who are severely immunocompromised
has chronic oral and genital mucosal candidiasis as well as skin lesions |
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis |
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oral lesions may be caused by deep fungal infections such as (4) |
Histoplasmosis Coccidioidomycosis blastomycosis Crytococcosis |
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Deep fungal infections are often involved in the |
Lungs |
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Histoplasmosis is more common where? Coccidioidomycosis is more common |
midwestern states Western united states (California) ohio and Mississippi river basin area Blastomycosis |
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Which type of deep fungal infection is transmitted through inhalation of organisms contained in bird droppings |
Cryptococcosis |
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What is a rare fungal infection the organism is commonly found in soil and usually nonpathogenic can present as a proliferating or descructive mass in the maxilla
This infection may occur with diabetic and bebilitated patients |
Mucormycosis (phycomycosis) |
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What are the 5 different viral infections |
HPV Herpes Simplex Virus Varicella-zoster virus infection Epstein-barr virus Coxsackievirus |
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How many different types of HPV are there |
150 |
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Which type of HPV are known as high risk types |
the ones to cause neoplasia |
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How many different types of HPV have been identified in oral mucosa |
40 |
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What are 3 benign lesions caused by HPV in the oral cavity |
Verruca Vulgaris Condyloma acuminatum Focal epithelial hyperplasia |
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Which type of HPV is known as the common wart and is a papillary oral lesion caused by a papillomavirus that appears as a white papillary exophytic lesion that closely resembles a papilloma transmitted from skin to oral mucosa |
Verruca Vulgaris |
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Where is the most common intraoral site for Verruca vulgaris |
Lips |
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What usually occurs through finger sucking or fingernail biting |
Autoinoculation |
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a benign papillary lesion caused by other human pappillomaviruses. Papillary bulbous pink masses that can occur anywhere in the oral mucosa May be transmitted to the oral cavity through oral-genital contact or self inoculation |
Condyloma Acuminatum |
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Characterized by multiple whitish to pale pink nodules distributed throughout the oral mucosa and is most common in children lesions are usually asymptomatic |
Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia |
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Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia is also known as |
Heck disease |
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What are the two major forms of herpes simplex virus |
Type 1 Type 2 |
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Oral lesions are mostly caused by what type |
Type 1 |
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Genital lesions are often caused by which type |
Type 2 |
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Herpes simplex is one of a group of viruses called |
Human herpesviruses (HHVs) |
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The oral disease caused by initial infection of the herpes simplex virus Most commonly occurs in children between 6 months and 6 years of age what is this called
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Primary herpetic Gingivostomatitis |
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It is estimated that how much of the population in the United States experience recurrent herpes simpx virus |
one third to one half |
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The most common location for recurrent infection is on the vermillion lips called |
Herpes labialis |
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Recurrent infections caused by certain stimuli are? (5) |
Stress Sunlight Menstruation Fatigue Fever |
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Highest amount of virus is in the |
Vesicle stage |
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Recurrent herpes simplex infection is transmitted by |
Direct contact can cause eye infections |
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The primary infection occurs at the site of |
Inoculation |
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A painful infection of the fingers caused by a primary or secondary infection |
Herpetic Whitlow |
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What virus can cause both chickenpox (Varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster) |
Varicella-zoster virus |
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What transmits varicella zoster virus |
Respiratory aerosols and contact with secretions from skin lesions |
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Second chickenpox in adults characterized by a unilateral painful eruption of vesicles along the distrubution of sensory nerves |
Herpes Zoster |
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What nerve may be involved if lesions affect the face |
Trigeminal Maxillary mandibular opathalmic |
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EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS |
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What are 4 Epstein Barr viruses |
Infectious Mononucleosis Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Burkitt Lymphoma Hairy Leukoplakia |
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Nasal pharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt lymphoma are rare malignant neoplasms |
are not discussed |
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An irregular corrugated white lesion most commonly occuring on the lateral border of the tongue occurs most often in patients infected with HIV |
Hairy Leukoplakia |
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Often transmitted by kissing occurs primarily among adolescents and young adults is characterized by sore throat, Fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, enlarged spleen, malaise, fatigue, and petechia may appear on the palate |
Infectios mononucleosis |
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COXSACKIEVIRUS INFECTIONS |
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Coxsackievirus infection is transmitted by |
Fecal oral contamination saliva Respiratory droplets |
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Coxsackievirus has three distinct lesions what are they |
Herpangina Hand-foot and mouth disease Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis |
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Includes vesicles on the soft palate along with fever, malaise, sore throat, dysphagia, erythmatous pharyngitis
Usually resolves in less than 1 week without treatment |
Herpangina |
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Usually occurs in epidemics in children less than 5 years old Multilobed macules or papules occur on the skin, typically on the feet, toes, hands, and fingers
Usually resolves within 2 week |
Hand foot and mouth disease |
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Hyperplastic lymphoid tissue of the soft palate or tonsillar pillars appear as yellowish or dark pink nodules
characterized with fever, sore throat, and mild headache
Last several days to 2 weeks |
Acute Lymphonodular pharyngitis |
