Oral Pathology Ch 3 Inflammation Vocab

Front 1

Accute Inflammation

Back 1

is usually in a limited area and duration, but has 3 phases

Front 2

Resolution

Back 2

reversal of the situation

Front 3

Microcirculation

Back 3

leads to loss of fluid from the ablood and the movement of WBC's from the blood vessel to the injury. Comprised of small blood vessels.

Front 4

Vasoconstriction

Back 4

The immediate constriction of the microcirculation. (arterioles, capillaries & venules)

Front 5

Chemical Mediators

Back 5

What injured cells release to begin the inflammatory process

Front 6

Vasodialation

Back 6

an increase in diamater of blood vessels to allow more blood and nutrients to the area. (Hyperemia)

Front 7

Plasma Fluid

Back 7

Clears the area of dead or injured cells and foreign materials. Will cause heat, redness and swellilng at sight of injury.

Front 8

Serous Exudate

Back 8

Is thin and clear and contains few cells.

Front 9

Edema

Back 9

Swelling, a large amount of exudate in the tissues

Front 10

Vascular Stasis

Back 10

Slowing of the blood through the vessels in the affected area. Allows more nutrients to be removed from the blood and brought to the injured tissues.

Front 11

Leukocytes

Back 11

White Blood Cells WBC's

Front 12

Endothelium

Back 12

The lining of the blood vessels

Front 13

Margination

Back 13

The movement of blood toward the endothelium

Front 14

Adhesion

Back 14

When the surface of the WBC has been "activated" it can stick to the endothelium

Front 15

Transmigration/Emigration

Back 15

When the WBC's squeeze throught he gaps between the cells in the vessel wall. Happens after the WBC's are firmly attached to the endothelial cells.

Front 16

Chemotaxis

Back 16

The movement to or away from chemical stimuli. Is a result of the action of the chemical mediators.

Front 17

Opsonization

Back 17

Enables the leukocytes to destroy and remove resistant organisms at the sight of an injury.

Front 18

Opsonins

Back 18

The chemical substances that destroy the resistant organisms at the sight of injury. Are found in the exudate at the injury site.

Front 19

Immunoglobulins

Back 19

Natural antibodies produced by the immune system. (a type of Opsonin)

Front 20

Phagocytosis

Back 20

When leukocytes ingest foreign bodies or material.

Front 21

Granulocytes

Back 21

A type of WBC characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic granules. Includes Polymorphonuclear neutrophils, eosinophils, & basophils.

Front 22

Agranulocytes

Back 22

A WBC with no cytoplasmic granules, includes lymphocytes & monocytes. Live longer than granulocytes.

Front 23

Mast Cell

Back 23

A connective tissues cell, function is unknown but plays an important role in the immune system. Is NOT a WBC, but exhibits some of the properties of a basophil.

Front 24

Polymorphonucleur Neutrophil (PMN)

Back 24

The most active granulocytein the inflammatory process.

Front 25

Motile Phagocytes

Back 25

Can move independently within the tissues and carry out phagocytosis.

Front 26

Basophils

Back 26

Play a roll in inflammaton related to Allergic Reactions

Front 27

Eosinophils

Back 27

Play a roll in inflammaton related to Allergic Reactions. Also fight off parasitic infections.

Front 28

Monocyte

Back 28

A type of agranulocyte that circulate within the bloodstream until they enter a specific tissue and become "fixed". (Will eventually differentiate into a macrofage.)

Front 29

Macrofage

Back 29

A type of monocyte that can introduce foreign substances to the immune system. Provides a cellular link between the imflammatory process & immunity.

Front 30

Giant Cell

Back 30

Can digest larger matter or destroy resistant microbes. Produces a more highly toxic enzyme

Front 31

Lymphocytes

Back 31

Leukocytes found in the lymph system. Plan a central role in the immune system.

Front 32

Histamine

Back 32

Causes dilation of capillaries, decreased blood pressure, constriction of smooth muscles etc. Is released in allergic or inflammatory reactions.

Front 33

Lipopolysaccharide LPS

Back 33

Chemical mediator associated with chronic inflammation as seen in periodontal disease.

Front 34

Serotonin

Back 34

A preformed chemical mediator released from platelets. Increases vascular permeability.

Front 35

Platelet Activating Factor PAF

Back 35

Causes aggregation (sticking together) of platelets and the release of serotonin from platelets. Can increase vasodilation & vascular permeability 100-10,000 times more than hystamine.

Front 36

Prostaglandins

Back 36

Cause vasodilation, increased vascular permeabiliby, & increased feelings of pain. Also cause bronchoconstriction and smooth muscle contraction; have a role in elevating body temperature.

Front 37

Leukotrienes

Back 37

Increase vascular permeability & act as chemotactic agents to bring inflammatory cells into an area.

Front 38

Cytokines

Back 38

Are produced by macrophages & some types of lymphocytes. Are very stron chemotactic agents for cells involved in the inflammation process.

Front 39

Tumor Necrosis Factor TNF & Interleukin-1 IL-1

Back 39

Have numerous effects durring all states of inflammation. They also produce fever, the need for sleep, & decrease the appetite.

Front 40

Cascade

Back 40

A series of reactions where the product of the last reaction is the initiator of the next reaction.

Front 41

Complement System

Back 41

A complex series of reactions between plasma proteins. The end product of the cascade is Membrace Attack Complex (MAC).

Front 42

Membrance Attack Complex (MAC)

Back 42

A substance that punches a whole in the cell membrane of microbes which have been targeted for destruction by the immune system.

Front 43

Classic Pathway

Back 43

A complement cascade which is started by antibodies which are created specifically for the agent causing the inflammatory process.

Front 44

Alternative Pathway

Back 44

A complement cascade trigered by bacterial lipopolysaccharides or aggregates (clumps) of preformed immunoglobulins which are already circulating through the body.

Front 45

Clotting System

Back 45

A cascade activated when the plasma protein Hageman Factor comes in contact with cellular debris from an endothelial or vessel injury.

Front 46

The Kinin System

Back 46

Is activated by the same substance that activates the clotting system. Results in the formation of Bradykinin.

Front 47

Bradykinin

Back 47

A chemical mediator capagle of causing vasodilation, increased vascular permeability & pain.

Front 48

Pyrexia

Back 48

Fever

Front 49

Pyrogens

Back 49

Chemical agents that cause pyrexia (fever).

Front 50

Leukocytosis

Back 50

An increase in the number of WBC's in the blood.

Front 51

Lymphadenopathy

Back 51

Enlargement of the lymph nodes.

Front 52

Plasma Cells

Back 52

A form of lymphocyte which produces antibodies.

Front 53

Lysosomes

Back 53

Organelles which contain strong digestive enzymes called... lysosomal enzymes.

Front 54

Lysosomal Enzymes

Back 54

Are associated with the digestion or elimination of phagocytized foreign matter.

Front 55

Phagosome

Back 55

The intracellular space created when a phagocytic cells traps foreign material or substance.

Front 56

Fibroblasts

Back 56

Immature connective tissue cells that can differentiate into cells which produce collagen & other tissues.

Front 57

Granulomatous Inflammation

Back 57

A subset of chronic inflammation; characterized by the formation of granulomas.

Front 58

Granuloma

Back 58

Forms a wall around the foreign substance and prevents its spread.

Front 59

Abscess

Back 59

Occurs when pus-producing organisims are introduced into the tissues.

Front 60

Pyogenic

Back 60

Pus-producing organisms. IE Streptococci, Staphylococci

Front 61

Fistula

Back 61

A passageway in the skin, mucosa or bone allowing drainage of an abscess at surface.

Front 62

Cellulitis

Back 62

Inflammation of the connective tissue. Ladies, enough said!

Front 63

Bacteremia

Back 63

Bacteria in the blood

Front 64

Septicemia

Back 64

Blood poisioning, Remember "septic system is toxic"

Front 65

Regeneration

Back 65

The body's attempt to restore itself to its orginal state.

Front 66

Fibrous Repair

Back 66

The final outcome if regeneration is not possible…results in a scar

Front 67

Cicatrix

Back 67

Scar

Front 68

Angiogenesis

Back 68

The process of endothelial cells forming new blood vessels in an injured area.

Front 69

Granulation Tissue

Back 69

Forms the framework where fibrous repair takes place.

Front 70

Epithelilization

Back 70

The act of healing; the proliferation of new epithelium into an area that is devoid of it but normally is covered by it.

Front 71

Healing by Primary Intention

Back 71

Repair that happens when the margins of the injury are clean & brought together by sutures, bandages or pressure.

Front 72

Healing by Secondary Intention

Back 72

Occurs when the loss of tissue is significant enough that the edges of the would can't be brought together. Will result in a scar.

Front 73

Alveolar Osteitis

Back 73

Dry Socket. Is specific to the healing of extraction sites, typically 3rd molars.