Oral Pathology 1

Front 1

Enamel Hypoplasia
(Environmental Effect)

Back 1

- Incomplete or defective enamel formation
- Various causes and environmental influences
- Turner hypoplasia; antineoplastic agents; fluorosis; syphilis
- Restorative treatment as indicated

Front 2

Attrition

Back 2

Physiological wear do to tooth-tooth contact during occlusion

Front 3

Abrasion

Back 3

Tooth structure loss secondary to external agents (i.e. toothbrush); variety of patterns

Front 4

Erosion

Back 4

Cupped-out depression of occlusal surfaces or cusp tips; assoc. w/ regurgitated gastric acid or dietary acid

Front 5

Abfraction

Back 5

Wedge-shaped defect limited to cervical areas; bruxism assoc.

Front 6

Tx for attrition, abrasion, erosion, abfraction

Back 6

- Early diagnosis and intervention
- Construct mouth guards
- Inform pt regarding tooth loss from acid foods, reflux, etc.
- Lost tooth structure- replace w/ variety of restorative procedures

Front 7

Internal Resorption

Back 7

- Relatively rare
- Destruction of tooth structure accomplished by cells located in the dental pulp
- May be idiopathic or subsequent to trauma
- Teeth may appear pink
- Tx: endo therapy prior to perforation; once in communication w/ PDL, poor prognosis

Front 8

External Resorption

Back 8

- Relatively common
- Destruction of tooth structure accomplished by cells located in the PDL
- Causes: chronic inflammation, cysts, neoplasms, trauma, re-implantaion of avulsed teeth, impaction, idiopathic
- Tx: depends on the extent; extraction may be necessary

Front 9

Extrinisic Stains

Back 9

- Surface accumulation of exogenous pigment which can typically be removed by prophys

Front 10

Intrinsic Stains

Back 10

Endogenous material is incorporated into developing teeth (i.e. drugs, blood pigments)
- Cannot be removed

Front 11

Hypodontia

Back 11

- Reduced # of teeth
- Most common dental developmental anomaly; uncommon in deciduous teeth
- Variety of genetic, developmental, environmental reasons
- 3rd molars>2nd PM>lateral incisors

Front 12

Oligodontia

Back 12

Lack of 6+ teeth

Front 13

Hyperdontia

Back 13

- Presence of supernumerary teeth
- 1-3% of pop.
- More frequent in permanent teeth
- 95% maxillary, usually anterior
- Mesiodens; distodens; paramolar
- May affect occlusion, hygiene, esthetics
- Tx: removal may be indicated to avoid complications related to normal eruption

Front 14

Microdontia

Back 14

- Small teeth, may also affect shape
- Most commonly affected teeth; max laterals (peg) and 3rd molars
- Tx: restorative dentistry as indicated

Front 15

Macrodontia

Back 15

- Large teeth
- Uncommon
- Assoc. w/ various syndromes and systemic disease

Front 16

Gemination

Back 16

- Partial fusion of single tooth bud; crown appears split
- Usually seen in anterior
- Tooth count is normal

Front 17

Fusion

Back 17

- 2 tooth buds merge to form single large tooth
- Fused teeth share cementum and dentin; separate root canals
- Reduced # of teeth in arch

Front 18

Concrescence

Back 18

- Uncommon condition; characterized by the fusion of 2 teeth by cementum alone
- May be difficult to detect on radiographs
- More frequent in post maxilla
- Clinically significant if one of the involved teeth is extracted

Front 19

Talon Cusp

Back 19

- Rare condition that primarily affects the max incisors
- Exaggerated cingulum
- Significant if the talon cusp interferes w/ occlusion
- Gradual removal to allow for secondary dentin formation

Front 20

Dens Evaginatus

Back 20

- Extra cusp in central developmental groove
- PM teeth most commonly affected
- Tooth often becomes non-vital, presumably due to trauma

Front 21

Dens Invaginatus

Back 21

- Uncommon condition that primarily affects the max lats
- Tooth w/in a tooth
- Quite variable in severity
- Affected tooth often becomes non-vital shortly after eruption

Front 22

Enamel Pearl

Back 22

- Droplets of ectopic enamel
- Furcations of max or mand molars
- Pearls may have dentin and pulp horns
- May be detected by probing, if mistaken for calculus, can lead to exposure

Front 23

Taurodontism

Back 23

- Uncommon; radiographic finding
- Enlargement of the body and pulp chamber of multi rooted teeth; apical displacement of pulpal floor and furcation
- Similar to bovine dentition
- Result of chromosomal alterations; assoc. w/ various syndromes

Front 24

Dilaceration

Back 24

- Unusual; radiographic finding
- Curved/bent tooth rooths
- Etiology: trauma to developing tooth
- Complications: extractions or RCT

Front 25

Amelogenesis Imperfecta

Back 25

- Group of uncommon genetic disorders affecting tooth enamel
- Weak enamel is easily lost
- Varied patterns of inheritance
- Affects both primary and secondary teeth
- 3 divisions: hypoplastic, hypomaturation, hypocalcification

Front 26

Clinical symptoms of amelogenesis imperfecta

Back 26

- Rough, smooth, pitted, pigmented, or "snow-capped"
- Radiographs: thin enamel of normal or decreased density; normal root and pulp morphology

Front 27

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

Back 27

- Uncommon
- Autosomal dominant inheritance; mutation of DSPP gene
- Affects primary and secondary teeth
- Abnormal dentin formation
- Similar dental changes may be seen w/ osteogenesis imperfecta

Front 28

Clinical symptoms of dentinogenesis imperfecta

Back 28

- Teeth appear translucent; "opalescent teeth"
- Enamel is normal, but poorly supported; rapid attrition of dentition is often seen
- Radiograph: bulbous crowns and obliteration of pulps

Front 29

T/F Implants and/or dentures are often necessary for dentinogenesis imperfecta

Back 29

True

Front 30

Dentin Dysplasia

Back 30

- Autosomal dominant; 2 types
- Type 1: Radicular Dentin Dysplasia=> radicular roots are very short, obliteration of pulp, periodical radiolucencies
- Type 2: Coronal Dentin Dysplasia=> enlarged pulps w/ "thistle tube" appearance, pulp stones
- Teeth may appear normal clinically