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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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treatment for toxoplasmosis
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only if vision is threatened, severe vitritis or immunocompromized
prednisolone, pyramethamine (+ folinic acid) and sulfadiazine caution with steroids in HIV (do neuro imaging first) |
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DDx of posterior uveitis
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SLE, sarcoid, WDS
PAN, Wegener, GCA Syphilis, PORN/ARN/CMV, toxoplasmosis, POHS |
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Causes of optic nerve hypoplasia
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4 D's:
Drunk: alcoholism De Morsier's DM Drugs: CA-LSD cold Rx, anticonvulsants, LSD, Steroids, diuretics |
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Purtcher's/like retinopathy:
1. etiology 2. Prognosis |
Complement activation
crush injury, pancreatitis, amniotic fluid embolis, SLE, fat emboli, TTP, 50% return to baseline VA |
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Crystaline retinopathy
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talc, tamoxifen, Canthacanthin (tanning agent), methoxyflurane
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Interstitial keratitis
exam findings Etiology |
cloudy cornea with stromal vessels
syphilis > Leprosy, Lyme, TB, HSV, VZV, Sarcoid, RA, Cogan's Syndrome (+ hearing and vertigo) |
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Congenital cataract
Etiology Labs |
hereditary (AD), TORCH's, Lowe's, Alports, galactosemia, myotonic dystrophy
TORCH's titers, Urine: reducing substances, amino acids, rbc's |
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Retinoscopy keywords
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Neutralization (examiner at the far point)
Against = far point between, add minus With = far point outside, add plus subtract working distance |
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Systemic associations with morning glory disc
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frontonasal dysplasia/Aicardi synd
do neuro imaging to look for absent corpus callosum or basal encephalocele |
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Aniridia
Heritability Eye findings |
Chrm 11, PAX6
Most AD sporadic: Miller/WAGR syndrome AR: Gillespie's synrome poor VA, foveal & ONH hypoplasia, cataracts, glaucoma, corneal pannus |
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Tuberous sclerosis chromosomes
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9 & 16
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Ocular findings in Down's Syndrome
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Hyperopia, strabismus, amblyopia, nystagmus, epicanthal folds, NLDO, chalazia, blepharitis, keratoconus, brushfield spots, cataracts, glaucoma
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syphilis
ocular findings systemic findings |
ANYTHING. IK, ectopia lentis, S&P fundus, A-R pupil, uveitis (mutton fat KP)
organomegally, Hutchinson's teeth, Saber shins, saddle nose, deaf |
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How does a keratometer work
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1. it uses the reflective power of the cornea to infer the refractive power
2. it uses image doubling to prevent interference from eye movements |
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concerns regarding laser refractive surgery and IOL calculations
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1. modern keratometry infers central curvature based on 3mm (man K's) and 6mm (IOLmaster) measurements. Myopic RS causes central flatening, hyperopic RS causes central steepening.
2. calculations assume anterior and posterior curvature correlate, which is no longer true in post LRSx. 3. refractive index may be changed as well. myopic LRSx. Overestimated K power - > under correction -> hyperopic surprise Hyperopic LRSx: likely just the opposite. |
