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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1) Describe the evolution from pellicle -> calculus
2) What are the components of the salivary pellicle?*** |
1) Pellicle -> biofilm -> dental plaque -> calculus
2) **Salivary proteins - lysozyme, amylase, IgA, PrPs, glycoproteins, **bacterial glucosyltransferases* |
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What are the 4 main functions of the salivary pellicle?
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1) Protects between tooth and oral ecosystem
2) **Diffusion barrier** - slows effects of microbial acids 3) **Limits microbial adhesion/colonization 4) **Promotes re-mineralization |
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What are the two pioneer salivary pellicle colonizers?
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1) Gram + cocci (Strep sanguis)
2) Gram + rods (Actinomyces) |
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**What do type 1 pili do?** What organism uses it?
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**Mediate binding to PrP - sucrose independent adhesion, type one fimbriae. Actionomyces viscosus
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1) **Actinomyces is a gram __ organism*
2) **What does actinomyces adhere to and how? |
1) Gram +
2) PrPs through type 1 pili (sucrose independent adhesion) |
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**What bacterium is the MOST responsible for corn cob formation?
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**Eubacterium or E. yurii**
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1) What are the pioneer group of organisms? What do they do?
2) What are the secondary colonizers? 3) **What are tertiary colonizers*? |
1) **Gram + cocci and rods**. Selectively colonize salivary pellicle, develop glucans
2) **Gram - cocci and rods, increase biofilm complexity, make low redox potential for anaerobes 3) **Filaments, fusobacteria, spirochetes** |
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1) **How long does it take for primary bacterial attachment?
2) **How long does it take for microcolony formation? 3) **How long does it take for exopolymer production/biofilm formation? 4) **How long does it take for coaggregation/detachment? (Planktonic phase* |
1) **seconds
2) **minutes 3) **hrs-days 4) ** days |
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What is a climax community? What organisms usually make it up?
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Mature, complex, compact biofilm. Balance between deposition and loss. Anaerobes.
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What are the three main places protected from host defenses and what are the types of plaque you can get from there?
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1) Fissure plaque - molar fissures
2) Approximal plaque - contact points 3) Smooth surface - buccal/palatal surfaces |
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What drives the hardening of the biofilm into calculus and what is its cause for accumulation?
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Calcium - lipids from gram - bacteria are attracted to it!
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1) When does calculus formation begin? When does it mature?
2) What happens to form it? |
1) 1-3 days, 12 days
2) Ca, phosphate ions from saliva deposited in deeper layers of dental plaque, leads to formation of **insoluble calcium phosphate crystals**, makes focus for further plaque formation |
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1) **What is the rate of calculus formation increased by?
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1) **Elevated salivary calcium and lipid levels*
2) Elevated pH, protein, urea, in submandibular salivary gland secretions |
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Where is calculus primarily located?
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1) **Supragingival** - lingual surface of mandibular incisors b/c of Wharton's duct/submandibular gland (highest here)
b) Buccal surfaces of maxillary molars b/c of Stensen's and parotid duct 2) **Subgingival** |
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**What is the difference of makeup of organisms in supragingival calculus and subgingival calculus?
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1) Supragingival - more Gram + organisms
2) Subgingival - more gram - organisms |
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Many new toothpastes contain ___* compounds that chelate excess calcium ions
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Pyrophosphate
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2 organisms for corn cob formation
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E. yuri, F. nucleatum
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Primary mucosal colonizer
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Strep salivarius
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Colonizing without sugar =
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sucrose independent adhesion, type 1 pili
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Sucrose dependent adhesion -
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glucans and glucan binding protein - gram + organism
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First organism to colonize the tooth surface -
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Strep sanguis
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What is the primary site for generating antibodies that will then be secreted into the oral cavity -
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TONSILS.
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what is the difference between homing and trafficking
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NONE. They're the same.
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Can B cells and T cells extravasate if they've never been activated?
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YES. That's not homing. Extravasation = getting in and out of a blood vessel. Going back to another tissue that is the same tissue type when you've been activated - homing. Only activated B cells and T cells are capable of homing.
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defensins
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Antimicrobial
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Histatin
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Antifungal
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Mucins
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Antimicrobial
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Lysozymes
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Antibacterial
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Lactoferrin
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Antibacterial
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Amylase
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Antibacterial
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Peroxidase
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Antibacterial
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