Oral Exam Internal Medicine

Front 1

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 1

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord

Front 2

Cause of Haemoptysis in Cardiac Patient

Back 2

Cause:

1. Pulmonary congestion

2. Acute pulmonary edema

3. Pulmonary Infection

4. Pulmonary Infarction

5. Blood Disease

5. Severe hypertension

6. Rupture Aortic Anuerysm

Front 3

Cause of Haemoptysis in Chest Patient

Back 3

1. Infection (Laryngeal/Tracheal/Bronchial/Pulmonary)

2. Tumour (Laryngeal/Tracheal/Bronchial)

3. FB Inhalation (Laryngeal/Tracheal/Bronchial)

4. Pulmonary Infarction

4. Trauma

Front 4

Definition & Cause of Hematemisis

Back 4

Vomitting of blood

Cause

1. Osophageal varieces/osophagitis

2. Acute Gastritis

3. Angiodysplasia of SI

4. Tumor

5. Ulcer

6. Adenomatous Polyposis

7. Mallory weis syndrome

General Cause: Hemorraghic blood disease, severe hypertension, Anti-Coagulant

Front 5

Cause of Edema In Cardiac Patient

Back 5

1. Increase Capilary hydrostatic pressure

2. Increase Capilary permeability

3. Decrease plasma osmotic pressure

4. Salt & water retention, response to decrease renal blood flow

Front 6

Cause of Ganeralize Edema

Back 6

1. RSHF

2. Malnutrition

3. Malabsorbtion

4. Liver cell Failure

5. Nephrotic/Nephritic syndrome

5. Angioneuretic edema

Front 7

Cause of localize Edema

Back 7

1. Vein obstruction

2. lymph obstruction

3. local inflammation

Front 8

Definitin & Cause of Syncope

Back 8

Sudden transient loss of consciousness due to acute cerebral ischemia.

Cause:

Cardiac:

1. Haemorrage/ Peripheral VD- decrease VR

2. Cardiac tamponade

3. Acute heart failure

4. Aortic Stenosis

5. Massive Pulmonary Embolism

Non- Cardiac

1. Vaso-vagal Syncope

2. Carotid sinus syndrome

3. Transient ischemic attack

4. Cereberal embolism

5. Hyperventilation

7. Orthostatic

Front 9

Cause of Chest Pain in Cardiac patient

Back 9

1. Angina Pectoris

2. Myocardial Infarction

3. Acute Pericarditis

4. Pericardial Effusion

5. Pulmonary Infarction

6. Massive Pul. Embolism

7. Aortic aneurysm

Front 10

Cause of Chest Pain in Chest patient

Back 10

1. Pleurisy

2. Pleural Effusion

3. Pneumothorax

4. Muscular strain due to chronic cough

5, Massive lung collapse

6. Massive Pulmonary embolism

7. Pulmonary infarction

Front 11

Cause of Chest Pain in GIT Patient

Back 11

1. Osophageal spasm/reflux/ulcer/tumor

2. Gastitis/ Peptic Ulcer/ Hiatal hernia

3. Amoebic Liver Abscess/Cholecystitis/Stones

4. Peritonitis & Subphrenic Abscess

Front 12

Chest Wall Cause of Chest Pain

Back 12

1. Skin--> Infection/wound/tumour

2. Breast--> Abscess, mastitis & tumour

3. Ribs--> Fracture/osteomyelytis/tumour

4. Intercostal Muscle--> muscular strain/myositis

5. Nerves--> Radicular pain/neuritis

Front 13

Definition & Cause of Dsypnea in Cardiac Patient

Back 13

Subjective feeling of shortness of breath

Cause:

1. Pulmonary congestion

2. Low CO

3. Pericardial Effusion

4. Huge cardiomegaly

5. Pleural Effusion

6. Ascites

Front 14

Type of Dsypnea

Back 14

1. Exertional Dsypnea, with 4 grades

2. Orthopnea

3. Paroxysmal Nucturnal Dyspnea (PND)

4. Cardiac Athsma- Severe form of PND

5. Acute Pulmonary Edema

Front 15

Cause of Dsypnea in Chest Patient

Back 15

1. Laryngeal:

Spasm/Edema/Tumor/FB

2. Tracheobronchial:

Asthma/COPD/Bronchogenic Carcinoma/Adenoma/Brocheictasis/FB

3. Pulmonary:

Pneumonia/Abscess/Fibrosis/Collapse

4. Pleural:

Pleurisy/Pleural Effusion/Pneumothorax/Hydroneumothorax

5. Chest Wall:

Kyphoscoliosis/ankylosing sndylitis/Obesity/scleroderma

Front 16

Cause of Fever in Cardiac Patient

Back 16

1. Rheumatic Fever

2. IE

3. Acute Pericarditis

4. Acute Myocarditis

5. Pulmonary Infection & Infarction

6. Myocardial Infarction

7. DVT

Front 17

Cause of Jaundice in Cardiac Patient

Back 17

1. RSHF --> Congestion of liver --> Hepatocellular J.

2. Prolonged Congestion of liver --> Obstructive Jaundice

3. Hemolytic Jaundice --> Pul. Infarction & Artificial valve

Front 18

Cough in Cardiac Patient

Back 18

Cause

1. Pulmonary Congestion/ Edema/Infection

2. Pericardia Effusion

3. Left Atrial enlargement

4. Aortic Aneurysm

Front 19

Cause of Pallor in Cardiac Patient

Back 19

1. Low CO

2. Anemia

3. RF

4. IE

Front 20

Palpitation

Back 20

Awareness of Heart beat

Cause:

1. Change in Heart Rhythm

2. Chance in Heart Rate

3. Change in force of contraction --> vol. overload

4. Naurosis

Front 21

Cause of Cyanosis in Cardiac Patient

Back 21

Central

1. Congenital Disease with rt. to lt. shunt

2. AHF with A. Pul. Edema

Peripheral

1. RSHF with peripheral stagnation

Front 22

Cause Clubbing in Cardiac Patient

Back 22

Blue Cyanotic

1. Congenital Heart D. with rt. to lt. shunt

Pale Cyanotic

1. Sub Acute IE

Front 23

Definition & Cause of Dysphagia

Back 23

Difficulty in swallowing

Cause

1.

Front 24

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 24

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord

Front 25

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 25

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord

Front 26

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 26

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord

Front 27

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 27

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord

Front 28

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 28

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord

Front 29

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 29

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord

Front 30

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 30

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord

Front 31

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 31

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord

Front 32

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 32

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord

Front 33

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 33

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord

Front 34

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 34

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord

Front 35

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 35

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord

Front 36

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 36

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord

Front 37

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 37

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord

Front 38

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 38

Clinical syndrome characterized by:

1. Splenomegaly

2. Destruction of rbc

3. Reduction of one/more cell in peripheral blood

4. hyperactive BM

5. Immediate remission after splenectomy

Front 39

Definition Haemoptysis

Back 39

Coughing of blood originating from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx/vocal cord