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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three benefits to public speaking?
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Personal Benefits
Social Benefits Cultural Benefits |
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Overcoming Self-Doubt
Self-Reflection Peer Observation Improved Listening Skills Cross-Applied Confidence-Building Skills Citizen Engagement Active-Learner What kind of benefits are these? |
Personal
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Marketplace of Ideas
-Challenging and/or discussing ideas What kind of benefit is this? |
Social
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Promotion of Democracy— Freedom of Speech
What kind of benefit is this? |
Social
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Aristotle had three forms of Public Address. What were they?
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Forensic: legal
Deliberative: policy Epideictic: celebrate |
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Aristotle had three forms of influence. What were they?
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Logos, pathos, ethos
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Effective structure to speaking is?
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Intro
Body Conclusion |
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Invention: Innovation
Arrangement: Placement Style: Expression Memory: Recall Delivery: Presentation What are these? |
Rhetoric of Ideas
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the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture is what and is what kind of benefit is it?
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Ethnocentrism
Cultural |
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A too-simple and therefore distorted image of a group, such as “Football players are stupid” or “The English are cold and unfriendly people.”
What is this and what benefit is it? |
Stereotype
Cultural |
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What does expanded conversation do?
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Preserves natural directness and spontaneity of informal talk
Colorful Tuned to the reactions of listeners |
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Speaking to and listening are what type of model of communication?
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Mechanical
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Reciprocity is what type of model of communication?
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Identification
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Ineffective __________ leads to ineffective ____________.
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listening
performance |
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Two most important assets of are the ability to:
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Speak: communicate clearly
Listen: effective vs. ineffective |
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In the Ladder of listening, there are 6 types. What are they?
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Discriminative:
Sound vs. hearing Comprehensive: Finding and focusing meaning on the message Empathic: Withholding judgment, trying to “see” someone else’s POV Appreciative: Enjoying the “intrinsic beauty” of the message Critical: Analyze and evaluate the content of the message Constructive: Determining and assigning value from the message |
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Noise, message and presentation problems are what?
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Situation Barriers
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What is usually the biggest obstacle to effective listening?
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YOU- the listener
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Communication gap: people speak 125 wpm vs. people process 500 wpm
Chance associations Personal concerns Listening burnout Among some solutions: eat, sleep and cognitive restructuring is what type of listening barrier? |
Inattentiveness
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The entertainment syndrome
Feigning attention: nodding and smiling Just the facts!: selective listening are what kind of listening barriers? |
Bad Habits
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Trigger words
Positive vs. negative What type of listening barrier is this? |
Emotional Reactions to Words
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Filtering: hear only what you want to hear
Assimilation: accept the views of others Contrast effect: comparing what happened to what is “normal” What type of listening barrier is this? |
Attitudes:
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Being aware you have a bias towards a speaker/topic is alright
(Pretty Please) Don’t judge a book by it’s cover: Remember: accepting a message is not the same as agreeing with it What type of listening barrier is this? |
Keeping an open mind
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What are the four R's in evaluating evidence?
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Relevant
Representative Recent Reliable |
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Commitment: passion
Adaptation: audience/circumstances Purpose: objective Freshness: innovation Ethics: consideration What are these? |
Overall considerations in evaluating a speech
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what is extemporaneous?
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done, spoken, performed, etc., without special advance preparation
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1. Self Actualisation
2.Experience purpose, meaning and realizing all inner potentials 3.Esteem Need 4.Love and belonging need 5.Security Need 6.Physiological Need What are these? |
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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Feelings in relation to how people are inclined to act towards them
Tend to be concrete and specific Most susceptible to change |
Attitudes
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Perceptions of reality/experiences/ourselves
Can be susceptible to change |
Beliefs
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Moral imperatives: behavior, reality, society
Most resistant to change as we get older—why is that |
Values
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Age
Gender Ethnicity/Nationality Education Level Political/Occupational Associations Religiosity Special/Private/Public Interest Groups Socioeconomics Sexual Orientation Timeframe What are these> |
Demographic Factors
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Most common forms of discrimination
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Ethnocentrism/Sexism/Racism
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Contingent on the material in relation to your audience
National security before vs. after 9/11 |
Timing
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Adjusting to distractions/obstacles
Weather, annoying audience members, technical difficulties, etc. Sensitive topics at historic locations Civil War, Shiloh |
Place
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Consideration/Etiquette
Dressing (in)appropriately (e.g. red carpet events) Behaving (in)appropriately (e.g. Tom Cruise on Oprah) |
Occasion
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