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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Traditionally defined as squamous cell carcinoma of lip, oral cavity and oropharynx |
Oral Cancer |
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It is the 6th common malignancy ( the tendency of a medical condition to become progressively worse) in the world. 4th common in NZ with an average of 400 cases a year and 130 death per year. 400,000 new cases diagnosed worldwide in 2007. |
Oral Cancer |
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Causes of poor prognosis of Oral Cancer (Name 6 causes) |
1. Patient have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. 2. 60% present at late stages of cancer. 3. It appears to arise from a perfectly normal oral mucosa 4. Asymptomatic 5. Prognosis is directly related to stage at which treatment is given 6. No national screening programme for oral cancer. |
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Why does Oral Cancer remains a significant challenge? |
1. Because it is a disease of older age with lifestyle risk factors, alcohol, tobacco and betel. 2.Because there is an increase involvement of HPV in some tumours and a younger age. 3. Mortality and Morbidity remain high, mainly through late diagnosis |
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People who are at risk of having Oral Cancer (Name 9 factors) |
1. Smoking/ Tobacco 2. Alcohol 3. Betel nut 4. Social deprivation and old age 5. Radiation 6. Previous oral cancer 7. Nutrition (middle age/elderly who have greater eating problems due to dental problems) and sunlight 8. viruses and especially HPV (also EBV) 9. Poor Oral Hygiene, trauma |
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Oral Cancer could present as (identify 10): |
1. white patch (Leukopkakia) 2. red patch (Erythroplakia) 3. a lump 4. an ulcer 5. pain or numbness 6. loose tooth 7. non-healing socket 8. induration/ fixation of tissue 9. voice change 10. weight loss |
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How to regulate Oral Cancer? |
By regular attendance to the dental clinic. |
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What is Leukoplakia? |
1. It is a clinical term for persistent adherent white patch 2. prevalence of keratosis (thickening of epithelium) |
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Vitamins that fights oral cancer: |
Vitamin A, C and E |
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Average time for cancer in the head and neck region to double in size is ____________ |
87-96 days (2 to 3 months) |
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Possible causes of delays in the diagnosis of Oral Cancer |
1. Patient delays from awareness of lesion 2. Attendance in pharmacy and tried OTC management 3. Independent socioeconomic status and lack of awareness of oral cancer |
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Treatment methods for Oral carcinoma |
Surgery Radiotherapy Chemotherapy Combination of above Other types of treatment |
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Management of oral cancer stage 1 and stage 2 |
Surgery and Radiotherapy |
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Management of oral cancer stage 3 and stage 4 |
Combination treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and other treatment |
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The treatment type for managing stage 1 and stage 2 oral cancer depends on 5 things, What are they? |
1. Patient's choice 2. Surgeon's advice 3. Bony invasion 4. Patient's age and general health 5. Other prognostic factors |
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Protocol for oral cancer screening |
1. All patients should get soft tissue examination. 2. A record of risk factors should be noted. Target those patients that are in greater risk. 3. Record and monitor those with pre-malignant lesions 4. Record and monitor those with pre-malignant conditions |
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What are done at oral soft tissue examination? |
1. Good light and systemic fashion 2. Lymph nodes 3. Mouth Chart 4. Lips, labial and buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth and ventral/lateral borders of tongue, dorm tongue, palate, faces, gingiva and teeth |
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Another term for Dry mouth? |
Xerostomia |
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What is Asymptomatic? |
producing or showing no symptoms |
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Abnormal mass of tissue whose excessive growth is uncoordinated with the normal tissue |
Neoplasia |
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Kind of cell that continue to replicate oblivious to normal regulatory influences. It is dependent on the host for there blood supply and nutrition |
Neoplastic Cell |
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Originally meant swelling but now means neoplasm |
Tumor |
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Common term for all malignant tumours or neoplasms |
Cancer |
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Two main groups of tumours |
Benign neoplasms (localised) and Malignant neoplasms (spread usually by the lymphatic system and bloodstream) |
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What is metastasis? |
When cancer spreads from the part of the body where it started to other parts of the body |
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Characteristics of Benign tumours |
1. localised and grow slowly 2. grow by expansion but show local invasion into the surrounding tissue 3. 2 basic components: proliferating cells and supporting stroma of connective tissue and blood vessels **see lecture |
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Characteristics of Malignant tumours |
1. cells likely to be less differentiated 2. growth is accompanies by progressive infiltration, invasion and destruction of the surrounding tissues 3. 2 basic components: neoplastic cells and supporting stroma of connective tissue and blood vessels |
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Most common area of the mouth affected in NZ |
40% lip. Followed by tongue, salivary glands, gums and floor of mouth |
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What is the common type of oral cancer? |
Squamous cell carcinoma (arising from the surface epithelium of the mucosa that lines the mouth |
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What is Apoptosis? |
When a cell commits suicide |
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What causes oral cancer? |
sunlight tobacco alcohol infections nutritional deficiencies chronic irritation |
