Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Hypodontia |
partial absence of teeth most common: 3rd molar 2nd mandibular premolar lateral maxillary incisor males - mandibular lateral incisor females - 2nd maxillary premolar |
|
|
Anodontia |
Complete absence of teeth |
|
|
Hypodontia syndromes |
Ectodermal dysplasia Chondroectodermal dysplasia |
|
|
Ectodermal dysplasia |
X-linked recessive - common in males Hair, sweat glands or teeth fail to develop Anodontia - teeth that do erupt are cone-shaped structure salivary gland hypoplasia - xerostomia
|
|
|
Chondroectodermal dysplasia |
Ellis van Creveld syndrome AR mesodermal tissues also affected - limbs, polydactyl and congenital heart defects teeth similar to ectodermal dysplasia fusion of upper lip to maxillary ridge occurs |
|
|
Hyperdontia |
extra teeth most common: mesiodens 4th maxillary molar (disto or paramolar) familial tendency
|
|
|
Hyperdontia syndromes |
Gardner's syndrome Cleidocranial dysplasia |
|
|
Gardner's syndrome |
AD polyps of colon osteomas of facial bone epidermoid cysts and desmoids multiple unerupted and supernumerary teeth |
|
|
Cleidocranial dysplasia |
AD affects bones of shoulders and craniofacial bones delayed loss of deciduous teeth numerous unerupted and supernumerary teeth |
|
|
Microdontia |
generalized - pituitary dwarfism localized - maxillary peg lateral, maxillary 3rd molar |
|
|
Macrodontia |
generalized - pituitary gigantism or hemifacial hypertrophy localized - rare, fusion can be misleading |
|
|
Taurodontism |
enlarged pulp chamber, rudimentary development of the roots familial associated with Klinefelter's syndrome or amelogenesis imperfecta neanderthal skulls |
|
|
Cusp of Carabelli |
lingual of max first molar occasionally on buccal surface of molars and premolars |
|
|
Dens evaginatus |
between buccal and lingual cusps of molars and premolars more prevalent in inuit |
|
|
Talon cusp |
cingulum of max or manx permanent incisor |
|
|
Enamel pearl |
furcation area of molar 1-9% Asian prevalence |
|
|
Cervical enamel extension |
triangular extension of enamel from the buccal CEJ to the bifurcation of molars associated with furcation involvement or development of an inflammatory cyst (buccal bifurcation cyst) 8-33% Asian prevalence |
|
|
Gemination |
single tooth bud invaginated and gives rise to 2 incompletely divided teeth single root and canal |
|
|
Fusion |
fusion of 2 tooth buds to give rise to a single tooth root canals may be separate or fused fusion may occur with a supernumerary tooth |
|
|
Concresence |
fusion of the cementum of 2 teeth occurs after root formation complete |
|
|
Dilaceration |
sharp bend in the root of the tooth result of trauma in root formation |
|
|
Dens in dente |
dens invaginatus invagination of enamel and dentin into the crown usually affects lateral incisors
|
|
|
Hypercementosis |
occlusal trauma, unopposed teeth or inflammation |
|
|
Hypoplasia |
quantitative can be affected by trauma or therapeutic radiation |
|
|
hypocalcification |
qualitative |
|
|
Turner's tooth |
hypoplastic tooth developed from an abscessed primary tooth |
|
|
Fluorosis |
fluoride levels above 1 ppm white spots or mottled with a chalky or opaque, brown/black pigmentation may have flaking/fracturing |
|
|
Congenital syphilis |
notched central incisors peg shaped laterals mulberry molars Hutchinson triad - blindness, deafness and dental anomalies |
|
|
Hypoplasia |
febrile childhood infections rickets, hypocalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency birth injuries nutritional inadequacies |
|
|
Enamel formation |
1. Production of an enamel matrix (enameloid) 2. Mineralization of enamel matrix 3. Maturation into harder enamel |
|
|
Amelogenesis Imperfecta |
group of hereditary diseases defective formation, calcification or maturation of enamel can affect unerupted teeth, anterior open bite, pulpal calcifications, interradicular dentinal dysplasia, root and crown resorption, cementum deposition, truncated roots and association with taurodontism |
|
|
Hypoplastic AI |
quantitative defect inadequate deposition of enamel matrix pitted yellow teeth vertical stripes (in females with dominant X type) |
|
|
Hypocalcified AI |
qualitative defect inadequate mineralization of enamel matrix soft brownish enamel
|
|
|
Hypomature AI |
Enamel matrix begins to mineralize but there is a defect in the maturation of crystal structure enamel is softer than normal brown pigmentation white patches snow capped appearance |
|
|
Hypomature/Hypoplastic AI with taurodontism |
thin enamel enamel which does develop is hypomature yellow brown teeth with pits |
|
|
Treatment of hypoplasia |
veneers or crowns overdentures or dentures surgical removal or unerupted teeth genetic counselling |
|
|
Dentin |
neuroectomesenchyme product odontoblasts interglobular dentin - poorly calcified, disorganized or absent tubules can result
|
|
|
Hereditary opalescent dentin DI type 2 |
AD 1/8000 common primary and early developed teeth, similar severity in both dentitions low variability of gene expression severity will correlate within a family bulbous crowns, opalescent brownish blue hue cervical constriction severe and early attrition (weak DEJ) pulp chamber obliterated in rare cases shell teeth, thin dentin with enlarged pulps |
|
|
Dentinogenesis imperfecta associated with osteogenesis imperfecta DI type1 |
OI - defective bone formation causing fragile bones, congenita and tarda forms AD or AR DI is not associated with all 4 types of OI DI in 50% of OI patients DI type 1 = primary dentition |
|
|
Treatment of DI |
Crowns dentures/overdentures usually end up with dentures/implants |
|
|
Radicular dentin dysplasia (dentin dysplasia type 1) |
Rootless teeth 1/100,000 AD both dentitions crowns amber/bluish roots truncated, multiple periapical radiolucencies mobile and misaligned teeth chevron shaped pulp chamber from obliteration islands of dentin and osteodentin surrounded by primary dentin - boulders in a stream anatomical orientation not defective dentin quality |
|
|
Coronal dentin dysplasia (dentin dysplasia type 2) |
rare AD trait both dentitions pirmary teeth have opalescent amber translucency do not undergo attrition pulp chamber obliterated upon eruption normal coronal dentin with an abrupt change to amorphous atypical dentin permanent have normal colour with thistle shaped pulp chambers |
|
|
Pulpal dysplasia |
extended pulp chambers with multiple pulp stones connected to coronal dentin dysplasia |
|
|
Clinical management |
Type 1 - meticulous homecare Type 2 - permanent does not require special management |
|
|
Regional odontodysplasia |
ghost teeth usually maxillary incisors failure of eruption or delayed eruption enamel and dentin are thin and malformed ghost like appearance radiographically possible trauma or infection unerupted teeth should be removed less effected teeth should be maintained if possible with stainless steel crowns or composite restorations |
