Optics Ii Finals

Front 1

What are the 5 steps involved in DMAIC?

Back 1

Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve & Control

Front 2

According to 6 sigma, how many defects are presented per one million opportunities?

Back 2

3.4 defects

Front 3

1 standard deviation under the curve = what %?

Back 3

68.3%

Front 4

2 standard deviations under the curve = what %?

Back 4

95.4%

Front 5

3 standard deviations under the curve = what %?

Back 5

99.7

Front 6

Six sigma strives to be at what percentage of perfection?

Back 6

99.99966%

Front 7

Complete this sentence:
___________ is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function.

Back 7

Technology

Front 8

The CQI is a management philosophy which contends that most things can be improved. Name the 4 strategies of CQI we focused on in class.

Back 8

1) Focus on process rather than individual
2) Recognize internal and external customers
3) Promotes objective data for analysis
4) Serial experimentation (Scientific Method)

Front 9

What is the standard of measurement by which efficiency, performance, progress, or quality of a plan, process, or product can be assessed?

Back 9

Metrics

Front 10

When the members want cohesive unanimity and fail to realistically appraise alternative courses of action, this is referred to as....

Back 10

Groupthink

Front 11

What does OCT stand for?

Back 11

Optical Coherence Tomography

Front 12

_____________ is the decomposition of a light ray into two rays when polarized light passes through anisotropic (directional dependent) material.

Back 12

Birefringence

Front 13

This is an imaging method that uses fluorescing dye injected into the blood stream and a special camera to capture the movement of the dye in the retina and the choroid.

Back 13

Fluorescein Angiography

Front 14

____________ is a diagnostic medical imaging field that utilizes high frequency sound waves to create cross-section B-scan images and Time-Amplitude A-scan images of the globe and orbit.

Back 14

Ophthalmic ultrasound

Front 15

What will a T1 Weighted Magnetic Resonance Image look like?

Back 15

Fat is bright, water is dark

Front 16

What will a T2 weighted Magnetic Resonance Image look like?

Back 16

Tissues containing water will be bright, fat containing tissues are dark

Front 17

True or false X-rays measure in 3D images

Back 17

False, 2D images. --This sometimes makes it difficult for us to look at all of the bones (multiple layers).

Front 18

Given the following scenario, determine whether or not the result is a True positive, false positive, false negative or true negative

Ture condition: Object is not there
Observer Response: Object is there

Back 18

False positive

Front 19

Given the following scenario, determine whether or not the result is a True positive, false positive, false negative or true negative

True condition: Object is not there
Observer Response: Object is not there

Back 19

True negative

Front 20

Given the following scenario, determine whether or not the result is a True positive, false positive, false negative or true negative

True Condition: Object is there
Observer Response: Object is not there

Back 20

False negative

Front 21

True or false:
Accuracy= correct responses/total responses

Back 21

True

Front 22

The transverse resolution of OCT is defined as...

Back 22

the diameter of the incident sample beam

Front 23

Define diffraction

Back 23

The ability of a wave to propagate around corner or obstacles.

Front 24

There is an inherent connection between interference and _______.

Back 24

Diffraction

Front 25

What was the point of Huygens' Principle?

Back 25

Each point on a wave front act like a source for the next wave front.

Front 26

Fraunhofer Diffraction occurs when the source and the screen are far apart and the light is essentially _________; it is a matter of far-field diffraction.

Back 26

Parallel

Front 27

Fresnel Diffraction occurs when the source or the screen is close or far away?

Back 27

Close! It is a matter of near-field diffraction. Fresnel diffraction is more general; it includes Fraunhofer diffraction as a special case. --Really close to screen, Fresnel. --When we move out, then Fraunhofer diffraction

Front 28

Kirchhoff Diffraction: Kirchhoff showed that the ______ at a given point can be given by an integral over the aperture.

Back 28

Amplitude

We can judge the diffraction effects by looking at amplitude and integral!

Front 29

What does the m stand for in this equation:
d sinӨ = mλ

Back 29

m stands for the minimum

Minimum locations are given with integer multiples of m

Front 30

What does the m stand for in this equation:
h sinӨ = mλ

Back 30

This is for Young's double slit experiment. This looks at the maximums

Front 31

Using the equation d sinθ = mλ, as the wavelength increases, the angle becomes larger or smaller?

Back 31

larger; red light is diffracted more than blue light! (Opposite of refraction!)

Front 32

Arago or Poisson Spot is...

What did it provide weighty evidence for

Back 32

A bright point which appears at the center of the shadow of a circular object

Provided evidence for the wave nature of light

Front 33

A Fresnel Zone Plate (or Zone Plate) is a device used to focus light. Unlike lenses however, zone plates use ________ instead of refraction.

Back 33

diffraction


--Zone plates produce equivalent diffraction patterns no mater whether the central disk is opaque or transparent

Front 34

Binary zone plate: The areas of each ring, both light and dark, are ______

Back 34

equal

Front 35

Sinusoidal zone plate: This type has a _______ focal point

Back 35

single

Front 36

Pinsieve (or Pinplate) was taken from the idea of what?

Back 36

Took the idea of a zone plate and created dots.

Front 37

What is resonance?

Back 37

Resonance is the tendency of a system to oscillate with larger amplitude at some frequencies than at others. (These are know as the system's resonant frequencies).

Front 38

When you have more atoms in the excited state than in the lower energy state, so that emitted photons are more likely to stimulate emission that to be absorbed. Because this condition is the inverse of the normal equilibrium situation, it is termed a ____________.

Back 38

population inversion

Front 39

During an experiment in lab, we added milk to a container of water. When light was placed against the side of the container, what colors where seen and where?

Back 39

As you add more drops of milk, you notice a bluish color near the white light source and a reddish color tower the far end of the container

Front 40

What happened to the laser beam as more milk was added into the water?

Back 40

The beam decreases as there is more scattering.

Front 41

In the milk experiment what is the predominant scattering effect that you are observing?

Back 41

Multiple particle scattering

Front 42

Explain how the milk demonstration relates to why the sky is blue and why sunsets are red and why clouds are white.

Back 42

A) Different particle sizes and quantities can affect the amt. of scattering --right combination of the density of particles
B) Blue wavelength, the shorter wavelengths, will bend and scatter before longer wavelengths (red)---long distance of atmosphere gives us the red sky
C) Clouds contain larger particles and multiple particles

Front 43

Do the following points describe the effect of particles that are smaller, larger, or about the same size as the wavelength of light?

1)Dipole re-radiation is dominate cause
2) In all directions
3) Intensity stronger for short wavelengths

Back 43

Smaller

Front 44

Do the following points describe the effect of particles that are smaller, larger, or about the same same as the wavelength of light?

1) Interior wave effects
2) Direction more distributed
3) Wavelength dependent

Back 44

About the same

Front 45

Do the following points describe the effect of particles that are smaller, larger, or about the same size as the wavelength of light?

1) Reflection and refraction is dominate cause
2) Mostly in forward direction
3) Wavelength independent
4) Example: fog and clouds

Back 45

Larger

Front 46

Do multiple scattering effects depend on particle size?

Back 46

No, it depends on the quantity

Front 47

As more multiple scatters are introduced into a system, does the dependency on wavelength increase or decrease?

Back 47

Decrease

Front 48

For scattering involving very small transparent particles, what is the relationship between intensity and wavelength?

Back 48

Inverse relationship!

For short wavelengths, intensity is stronger

Front 49

In the eomonstration, while the scattering involved predominately single scatter events, which wavelength, 450 nm or 650 nm would have the greater scatter intensity and by how much would this intensity be greater than the other?

Back 49

Irel = (λ1 / λ2) ^4

(650/450)^4 = 4.35

Blue is the shorter wavelength...so greater intensity
--Te 4.34 tells you how much greater or scattering of blue over red)

Front 50

Horizontally polarized light is incident on an ideal polaroid in which the transmission axis is rotated 30 degrees from the horizontal. What percent of the incident light is transmitted?

Back 50

It = Icos^2 (30) = .75

75% transmitted

Front 51

Unpolarized light is incident on an ideal polaroid in which the transmission axis is rotated 60 degrees from the horizontal. What percent of the incident light is transmitted?

Back 51

Since it's UNPOLARIZED, when it comes into just 1 film, it will transmit 50%! --No matter the angle

Front 52

Unpolarized light is incident on a two polaroid system. The transmission axis of the second polaroid is rotated 36 degrees from that of the first. If the polaroids are ideal, what percent of the incident light is transmitted by the two polaroid system?

Back 52

2 lenses here:
1st lens: (0.50)
2nd lens: Icos^2 (36) = .65

(0.50)(0.65) = 0.325 or 32.5% transmitted

Front 53

In a three polarized system, the first and last polaroid have perpendicular transmission axes, while the middle polaroid has transmission axis rotated 45 degrees from the first. For ideal polaroids, what percent of the incident light is transmitted through the three polaroid system?

Back 53

1st 50% (b.c of perpendicular): 0.50
2nd: cos^2(45) = 0.50
3rd: cos^2(45) = 0.50

(0.50)(0.50)(0.50) = 0.125 or 12.5% transmittance

Front 54

For light in air incident on high index plastic (n = 1.66), what incident angle results in 100% polarization in the reflected light?

Back 54

TanΘ = n2/n1

tan-1 (1.66/1.00) = 58.9 degrees

100% polarization in the reflected light is least transmittance which is what Brewster's angle measures

Front 55

What is Brewster's angle for polycarbonate (n = 1.58)?

Back 55

TanΘ = n2/n1

1.58/1.00 = 57.667 degrees