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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 3 types of structural isomers |
Chain Positional Functional group |
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Describe e-z stereoisomerism |
Occurs due to the restricted rotation around the double bond E or z depends on the position of thee groups using cahn ingold prelog rules using atomic numbers |
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What is optical isomerism |
Optically active compounds have the ability to rotate the plane of polarised light |
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What is polarised light |
Transverse waves can vibrate in many planes that are at 90⁰ to the direction of wave propagation |
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Describe plane polarised light |
All waves are in the sameme plane as each other.this can be achieved by shining unpolarised light through a polarising filter. The plane of polarised light is parallel to the filter If the second filter is added to the first no light gets through because the plane of polarised light is also at right angles to the second filter |
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What do optically active compounds do |
Rotate the plane of polarised light They exist as 2 isomers known as enatiomers |
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Describe the d isomers and the l isomers |
D= rotates the plane of polarised light clockwise L= rotates the plane of polarised light anticlockwise |
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How does optical isomerism occur |
A form of stereoismerism Occurs due to chiral carbons |
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What are chiral carbons |
A carbon with 4 different groups attached Detonated by * |
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What do enantiomers exist as |
Non super imposable mirror Images and differ in their effect on polarised light |
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What is a mixture of equal amounts of enantiomes called |
A racemic mixture |
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Can double bonds be chiral |
No |
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How can you test to see if a liquid is chiral |
Shine polarised light through it. If it rotates the plane of polarised light then it is chiral. |
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Do racemic mixture effect the plane of polarised light |
No |
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Describe the optical isomerism |
Nucleophillic attack on carbonyl compounds can lead to the formation of optical isomers The geometry at the carbonyl carbon is trigonal planar meaning the carbon and oxygen and hydrogen attached to it all lie in the same plane It is possible for a nucleophile to attack the carbonyl from the left hand side As the nucleophile adds on to the carbonyl carbon other groups are reppeled from the side resulting in the formation of a particular molecular shape. However it is also possible for the nucleophile to attack the carbonyl group from the right hand side during the initial stage of the reaction this means the other groups are reppeled in the opposite direction resulting in the formation of another molecular shape |
