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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amphetamine
Methlyphenidate |
-CNS stimulant
-Increases activity of NE, DA and other catecholamines -Euphoria, reduced appetite, insomnia and wakefulness -Use: ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity -SE: HA, HTN, cardiac dysrhythmia, palpitation, nervousness |
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Alprazolam
Diazepam Lorezepam Propanolol Chlorodiazepoxide |
-Benzodiazapine: anxiolytics
-Allosterically enhance binding of GABA -Use: Generalized anxiety, panic, seizure, muscle relaxation -SE: Drowsiness, ataxia, impaired judgement, tolerance DI: CNS depressant with alcohol & omeprazole Ed: contraceptives sedative effects |
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Buspirone
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-Benzodiazapine: anxiolytics
-Partial agonist at serotonin receptors -Use: Generalized anxiety, panic, seizure, muscle relaxation -SE: Drowsiness, ataxia, impaired judgement, tolerance DI: CNS depressant with alcohol & omeprazole Ed: contraceptives sedative effects |
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Flurazepam
Triazolam Zolpidem |
-Benzodiazapine: insomnia
-Allosterically enhance binding of GABA -Use: Hypnotic, induces sleep -SE: Addictive, Drowsiness, ataxia, impaired judgement, tolerance DI: CNS depressant with alcohol & omeprazole Ed: contraceptives sedative effects |
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Zaleplon
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Insomnia
NON-benzodiazapine -Use: Hypnotic, induces sleep -SE: Addictive, Drowsiness, ataxia, impaired judgement, tolerance |
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Phenobarbital
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-Barbituate: insomnia
-Inhibits reticular activating system -Use: Insomnia and epilepsy (long acting) -SE: Sedation |
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Carabamezipine
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-Anticonvulsant
-Glutamate antagonist -Use: Seizures (partial, generalized, tonic-clonis/grand mal), Bipolar disorder -SE: Autoinduction of metabolism, granulocyte supression, aplastic anemia |
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Lamotragine
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-Anticonvulsant
-Glutamate antagonist -Use: Partial Seizures, Bipolar disorder -SE: Rash |
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Topiramate
Phenobarbital |
-Anticonvulsant
-Glutamate antagonist |
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Ethosuximide
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-Anticonvulsant
-Decreases Ca levels -Use: Absence Seizures/petite mal -SE: Stomachache, hiccups, vomitting |
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Phenytoin
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-Anticonvulsant
-Inactivates Na Channels -Use: Seizures (partial, generalized, grand mal, status epilepticus) -SE: Ataxia, nystagmus, hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia, saturation metabolism kinetics |
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Valproate
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Anticonvulsant
-Increases activity of GABA -Use: Seizures (grand mal, petite mal), Bipolar disorder -SE: Tremor, elevated liver enzymes, weight gain |
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Gabapentin
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Anticonvulsant
GABA agonist |
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Tiagabine
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Anticonvulsant
Blocks reuptake of GABA |
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Lorazepam
Diazepam |
Anticonvulsant
Use: Seizures (status epilepticus) |
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Entacapone
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Parkinson's
COMT: increased DA synthesis |
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Stalevo
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Parkinson's
Combo: Entacapone, L-Dopa, and Carbidopa |
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Sinemet
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Parkinson's
Dopaminergic |
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L-Dopa (Levodopa)
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Parkinson's
Dopaminergic -Increases DA synthesis, can cross BBB and become DA -Improves mobility -SE: dyskinesia, hallucinations, confusion |
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Carbidopa
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Parkinson's
Dopaminergic Dopa decarboxylase |
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Selegilinne
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Parkinson's
Decreased DA catabolism, MAOB-I |
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Tolcapone
Bromocriptine Ropinirole Pergolide Pramipexole |
Parkinson's
DA receptor agonsits Use in combo with L-Dopa |
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Amantidine
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Parkinson's
Antiviral |
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Benztropine
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Parkinson's
Anti-muscarinic SE: Anxiety, confusion, dry mouth, decreases sweating, constipation |
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Trihexylphenidyl
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Parkinson's
Anti-muscarinic |
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Donepezil
Galantamine Rivastigmine Tacrine |
Alzheimer's
AChEl |
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Memantine
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Alzheimer's
Anti-MNDA (a glutamate receptor) |
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Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol Thioridazine |
Anti-psychotics (typical)
Dopamine Antagonist Use: Schizophrenia SE: Sedation, dry mouth, sexual dysfunction, bradykinesis, tardive dyskinesia,hyperprolactimemia, moderate weight gain, neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
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Lithium
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Anti-psychotics (typical)
Dopamine Antagonist Use: Control and prophylaxis of acute mania (bipolar disorder) SE: Tremors and nausea |
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Aripiprazole
Clozapine Risperidone |
Anti-psychotics (Atypical)
Dopamine and Serotinin Antagonist Use: Schizophrenia SE: Sedation, dry mouth, sexual dysfunction, bradykinesis, tardive dyskinesia, DM, hypercholesterolemia |
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Amitriptyline
Nortriptyline Imipramine Desipramine |
Antidepressants (Tricyclic)
Inhibit reuptake of NE and serotonin SE: Anti-muscarinic, anti-histaminergic, anti-adrenergic; Dry mouth, blur, confusion, sedation, hypotension; sexual dysfunction, seizures, myocardial depression |
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Citalopram
Fluoxetine Paroxetine Sertraline |
Antidepressants (SSRIs)
Use: First-line for depression; OCD; Bulimia; PMDD SE: HA, tremor, insomnia; Serotonin syndrome: nervousness, shivers, confusion, sweating, fever, HTN, increased HR |
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Bupropion
Nefazodone Venlafaxine |
Antidepressants (Atypical)
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Phenelzine
Tranylcypromide |
Prevent breakdown of Catecholamines; inhibit cytP450
Use: 2nd to 3rd-line anti-depressants SE: Anti-muscarinic, anti-adrenergic; Hypotension, dry mouth, hypertensive crisis with tyramine; CNS excitation, suppression of REM sleep, hepatoxicity |
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Lithium
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Mood Stabilizers
Use: Biopolar Disorder SE: CNS: tremors, confusion, decreased seizure threshold; Thyroid: decreased activity; Renal: polydipsia, polyuria, induced diabetes insipidus; Cardiac: dysrhythmia |
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Valproate
Carbamazepine Lamotrigine Olanzapine Risperidone |
Mood Stabilizers
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CNS + PNS 3 general functions
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sensory
integrative motor |
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4 portions of brain
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cerebrum
diencephalon brainstem cerebellum |
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Parkinson's Disease caused by
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Degeneration of the gray matter (basal ganglia) of the inner cerebral medulla that regulate motor activity
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Cerebrum functions
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sensory
motor high mental function (memory and reasoning) |
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Diencephalon function
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Diencephalon processes sensory info
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Spinal Cord function
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SC carries motor impulse down and sensory info up
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Cerebellum function
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Cerebellum coordinates voluntary muscular movements
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Brainstem function
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Brainstem connects various parts of NS & regulates certain visceral activities
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Glial cells
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-outnumber neurons
-contain many neurotransmitter receptors and transporters -support neurons, information transfer & integration -Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia |
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Astrocytes
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-repair nerve injury
-modulate the metabolic and ionic microenvironment. |
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Oligodendrocytes
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form the myelin sheath around axons
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Microglia
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-proliferate after injury or degeneration,
-transform into large macrophages (phagocytes) to remove cellular debris. |
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Anxiety
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-Most - self-limiting
-Stressful & mentally painful anxiety req drugs -May accompany depression -Anxiety is stress that remains after stressor is gone |
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Insomnia
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-Sleep disturbances are extremely common
-Continuous sleep disturbances seriously disrupt daily life. |
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Sedative
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-diminishes the activity of the CNS
-Relieves anxiety, anxiolytics |
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Hypnotics
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-Hypnotic induces sleep
-Addictive, even short period -Rx no more 1 wk |
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Epilepsy
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--Convulsions (violent spasms) ~ seizures
--Abnl electrical activity in one or more brain areas characterized by recurrent, self-limited seizures. --status epilepticus (ER) ~ 0.5% of the population (most onset before 18yo) --antiepileptic medications allows about 75% of patients to remain seizure-free. |
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Causes of Epilepsy
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Birth and perinatal injuries
Vascular insults Head trauma Congenital malformations Metabolic disturbances (Na+, glucose, Ca2+, urea ) Withdrawal from depressants Neoplasia Infection Genetic Idiopathic Hyperthermia in children |
