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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between frank & opportunistic pathogen?
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Frank= very invasive; cause disease in normal, unvaccinated humans
Opportunistic= Not very invasive; REQUIRE an opportunity in order to cause life-threatening disease. |
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What factors contribute to a host being compromised?
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-Damage to skin or mucous membrane: reduces innate immunity + allows a low invasive organism to enter the body & cause infection.
Burn wounds: derange the mechanical barrier + neutrophil function + provide a nutritious surface for colonization. Traumatic injury:loss of body surface integrity which promotes infection. Cystic fibrosis: causes susceptibility to pulmonary infections. |
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How do modern day technologys promote a compromised host?
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Implants (i.e. hip joints): provide a surface for foreign bodies to colonize on.
Cancer chemotherapy + organ transplant therapy (corticosteroids): affecr adaptive immune response. Surgery: can damage mucosal membranes of the respiratory + alimentary tract. Catheters/bone marrow aspiration: allow organisms to bypass normal defenses + enter normally sterile areas. |
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What does it mean if an opporunistic organisms has low invasiveness? What does it mean if an opportunistic infection has high virulence?
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-low invasiveness: does not easily break host defenses + require an opportunity to cause a disease.
High virulence: once established, can be life-threatening to the host. |
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What is the premier bacteria for opportunistic infections, and what is its morphology?
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Pseudomonas Aeurginosa
gram (-) rod, non-fermenter, AEROBE |
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Describe the invasive and virulence properties of P. aeurginosa.
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Low invasiveness + high virulence in the immunocompromised
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What are the common opportunistic infections caused by P. aeurginosa?
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-pulmonary infections
-Bacteremia/Fatal sepsis -otitis externa -UTI -Meningitis -Septic arthritis or endocarditis -Folliculitis/dermatitis/vasculaitis -Eye infections |
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What is ecthyma gangrenosum?
What is ulcerative keratitis? |
This occurs following bacteremia; invasion + destruction of blood vessel walls. Cutaneous papules & necrotic ulcers.
Ulcerative keratitis: following corneal trauma + infection. |
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What are ways to prevent opportunitistic infections?
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Prevent contamination of sterile equipment
Remove catheters promptly Take care of burned skin Keep neutrophil counts down |
