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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
limitations to CT scans in C-spine injury:

-difficult to identify those fractures oriented in ... plane (ex. ... fractures)
-unable to show ... injuries
-relatively high costs
axial
dens
ligamentous
Mechanism of injury:

Hyperflexion results in a disruption of the ... ligament. could result in a flexion ... fracture.

Hyperextension may result in ... fracture.

Axial compression may result in ... fracture, a bursting fracture on the atlas.
posterior
tear drop
Hangman’s
Jefferson
Stability:

If one of the columns (either anterior or posterior) is intact, the injury is considered to be ...
stable
What is the most common type of odontoid fracture?
type II odontoid fracture
Which type of odontoid fracture has the best prognosis?
type III odontoid fracture
Dens fracture type I:

Type 1 odontoid fracture: fracture in the ... of the odontoid. This type of fracture is potentially ...
superior tip
unstable
Dens fracture type II:

Type II odontoid fracture: fracture at the ... of the odontoid. It is an ... fracture. It is the most common type of odontoid fracture.
base
unstable
Dens fracture type III:

Type III odontoid fracture: fracture through the ...
It has the best prognosis
base of odontoid into body of axis
Hangman’s fracture:

-fractures through the ... of the ... resulting from hyperextension and distraction.
pars interarticularis
axis
Flexion teardrop fracture:

... ligament disruption and ... compression fracture of the vertebral body which results from a severe ... injury.
posterior
anterior
flexion
...:

complete anterior dislocation of the vertebral body resulting from extreme hyperflexion injury. It is associated with a very high risk of cord damage.

Mechanism: extreme flexion of head and neck without axial compression.
bilateral facet dislocation
...:

Description: facet joint dislocation and rupture of the apophyseal joint ligaments resulting from rotatory injury of the cervical vertebrae.

Mechanism: simultaneous flexion and rotation
Unilateral facet dislocation
...:

Description: fracture of a spinous process C6-T1

Mechanism: powerful hyperflexion, usually combined with contraction of paraspinous muscles pulling on spinous processes
Clay Shoveler’s Fracture
...:

Description: compression fracture resulting from flexion.

Mechanism: hyperflexion and compression
Wedge fracture
...:

Description: fracture of C3-C7 that results from axial compression. Injury to spinal cord, secondary to displacement of posterior fragments, is common. CT is required for all patient to evaluate extent of injury.

Mechanism: axial compression
Burst fracture
management:

There are three indications for surgical intervention in cervical spine trauma. These are: ...

Cervical immobolization is usually achieved by a ...-type collar or a ... vest.
1. Neurologic deficit
2. Spinal instability
3. Intractable pain

Philadelphia
halo
What is the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in older persons?
cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Common symptoms of cervical spondylotic myelopathy:
-Clumsy or weak hands
-Leg weakness or stiffness
-Neck stiffness
-Pain in shoulders or arms
-Unsteady gait

Common signs:
-Atrophy of the hand musculature
-Hyperreflexia
-... sign (electric shock-like sensation down the center of the back following flexion of the neck)
-Sensory loss
Lhermitte's
the characteristic symptoms of ... are stiff neck, severe headache, and fever.
meningitis