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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Soft tissue techniques
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Soft tissue technique si used to resolve dysfunctions commonly described by TART. It is often used in conjunction with other techniques to treat somatic dysfunction
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2. Direct soft tissue techniques
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1. Tissue is directly engaged
2. Moves the body tissue and or joints closer to the restrictive barrier 3. Isometric resistance (static contraction of the muscle without any movement in the angle of the joint) Types: -Traction/stretching -Kneading -Inhibition |
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3. Indirect soft tissue techniques
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1. Moving the tissue away from the restrictive barrier
2. Provides laxity and looseness in the muscles and joints 3. Isokinetic resistance Types: -Myofascial release -Counterstrain -Position of ease |
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4. Benefits of soft tissue techniques
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Improve:
-Immune response -Lymphatics -Venous return -Cellular nutrition -Oxygenation -Waste removal Also: -Pain relief -Rehab -Performance enhancement -Muscle relaxation -Flexibility -Circulation of body fluids -Mobilization |
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5. Myofascial release
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Useful in breaking the pain-muscle tension-pain cycle and increasing the circulation to and drainage from the tissues to diminish the inflammatory response
Structural assessment and manual massage techniques for stretching the fascia and releasing bonds between fascia, integument, muscles, and bones Also allows the connective tissue fibers to reorganize themselves in a more flexible, functional fashion. Form of soft tissue therapy which incluedes |
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6. Physiologic principles involved in myofascial release
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1. Extensibility of connective tissues
2. Stretch reflex 3. Heat 4. Muscle spindle reflex 5. Golgi tendon organ reflex 6. Reciprocal inhibition 7. Crossed extensor reflex |
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7. Facilitated positional release
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Indirect myofascial release in which the area of somatic dysfunction is placed into its freedoms (ease) of motion and adding a facilitating force of compression or torsion (i.e. counterstrain)
Can modifiy the paitient's sagittal posture Large superficial muscles will shorten and smaller deep muscles will lengthen. When compressing, compress for 4-5 s in freedom of motion and then slowly return to neutral and reassess |
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8. Physiologic principles of facilitated positional release
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Effectiveness of treatment relates to the action of the muscle spindle gamma loop when the gain is suddenly decreased.
With a decrease in load, the spindles in the muscle become unloaded and the type Ia fiber discharges from these spindles cease and no longer excite motor neurons controlling the extrafusal muscle fiber. The muscle then begins to relax until it lengthens. |
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9. Muscle energy
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Patient with a painful muscle or group of muscles.
-Take dysfunction into the barrier in three or more planes -Allow patient to return to neutral (move toward freedom of motion) w/a small amount of force for 3-5s. -During this time, the physician should resist w/and equal and opposite force (isometric counterforce) -Re-engage the barrier -Repeat 3-5 times -Engage the barrier and reassess |
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10. Goals of muscle energy
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Goals:
-Strengthen the weaker side of an assymetry -Decrease hypertonicity -Lengthen muscle fibers -Reduce the restraint of movement -Alter related respiratory and circulatory movement |
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11. Physiologic principles of muscle energy
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A basic tenet of muscle energy modality is that muscles cause and/or maintain somatic dysfunctions.
It is postulated that muscle energy, when used directly on involved restrictions, utilizes the Golgi tendon reflex. The Golgi tendon reflex is activated by the resisted contraction and the muscles relax by neurophysiological reflex. Another theory is that a temporary muscle fatigue takes place and that simple contraction-relaxation allows for further stretching w/o reflex contraction of the inappropriately contracted muscles. |
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12. Counterstrain
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Passive indirect soft tissue technique
Find tender point, move to point of maximum comfort and hold for 90 seconds Slow passive return to neutral position and reevaluate the tender point |
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13. Physiologic principles of counterstrain
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With trauma or muscle effort against a sudden change or resistance for a period of time (gravity), one muscle is strained and its antagonist is hypershortened.
When the shortened muscle is suddenly stretched, the annulospiral receptors of the muscle spindles in that muscle are stimulated, causing a reflex contraction of the already shortened muscle. The proprioceptors in the short muscle now fire impulses as if the shortened muscle were being stretched. B/c this inappropriate response can be maintained indefinitely, a somatic dysfunction has been created Positioning the joint in the position that shortens the involved muscle will relieve the pain and dysfunction. |
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14. Active direct techniques
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those in which the patient is asked to contract the involved muscle
Uses Golgi tendon reflex to result in relaxation of the involved muscle(s). |
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15. Active indirect techniques
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those in which the patient is asked to contract the ipsalateral antagonist muscle or the same muscles on the contralateral side.
Uses reciprocal inhibition or the crossed extensor reflex to relax the muscles being treated |
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16. Describe how nutrition fits in w/osteopathic philosophy and principles
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The "art of osteopathic medicine is to help the patient achieve better homeostasis.
Proper nutrition is a key element in achieving this balance. |
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17. Overweight percentages in the US
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Currently, 60-65% of the general population and 33% of adolescents are overweight
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18. Risks of obesity
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1. Cancer
2. Diabetes 3. Cardiovascular complications 4. Hypertension 5. Respiratory illnesses 6. Orthopedic problems 7. Gallstones |
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19. Trends of weight problems in US
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Due to the amount of processed, high salt, high fat, high sugar foods found in the American diet, combined w/poor portion control, the percentage of US people which is either overweight or obese increases annually.
Children born in the year 2000 now have a 1 in 3 chance of developing type 2 diabetes as a result of poor dietary choices. |
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20. Undernutrition
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Occurs with patients who have either been hospitalized for an extended amount of time or living in a nursing home situation.
Given that the food generally isn't great combined w/the fact that patient's actual intake isn't being closely monitored can lead to weight loss and malnutrition in these situations Also, body image issues (anorexia, bulimia) can also lead to malnutrition |
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21. Discuss the concept of clinical horizon and how it relates to nutrition
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The clinical horizon is the point at which the disease is detected, meaning the patient has parted from their state of health some time ago.
If you can promote good nutrition in your patients thru education as a preventative measure before they ever reach the clinical horizon then the return to healthy state will be facilitated much more easily |
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22. Discuss the complexities involved in clinical decision making in nutrition and assessment
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-Knowledge base for nutrition is inexact and constantly changing
-Must take into account individual metabolic and digestional differences as well as environmental, social, educational, and cultural differences when making nutritional assessments and recommendations Difficult to make recommendations to patients if physician's eating habits are poor. |
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23. List issues in nutrition
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1. Finding a balance btwn caloric intake and expenditure
2. Food allergies and intolerances may cause various health issues from ADD to autism 3. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) cause the body to break down more quickly than normal; use antioxidants to combat this |
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24. Discuss the 2005 FDA food pyramid
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Promotes bread, cereal, rice and pasta followed by fruits and veggies, then proteins and then fats, oils, and sweets.
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25. Discuss the Harvard food pyramid
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arranged in a similar manner to the FDA, but starts w/the inclusion of daily exercise and weight control, specifies that the grains be of the whole variety, and places processed carbs at the top of the pyramid w/sweets and fats.
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26. Typical american diet
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high in total calories due to large portion sizes, fat, protein, salt, phosphates, and simple sugars.
Low in fiber, calcium, potassium, trace minerals, and vitamins. Mostly a result of eating a high proportion of processed food which increases salt and decreases nutrients. |
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27. BMI and % ideal body weight calculations
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BMI: a statistical measurement which compares a person's weight to their height (body weight divided by the square of height); simple means for classifying sedentary individuals w/an average body comp; but does not take into account % body fat or muscle mass
% Ideal body weight: a system based upon the theory that ideal body weight for a 5ft male is 106 lbs and 5ft female is 100 lbs. For each extra inch of height, 5 lbs is added and a person can be within a 10% margin on either side of the ideal weight for their height and still be considered normal |
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29. Describe the general function of the proprioceptive reflexes
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1. Sense of position
2. Helps to determine where your body is in space 3. Aids in controlling body movements |
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30. Stretch reflex
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1. Controls muscle length by causing muscle contraction
2. Stretches the muscle spindle 3. Alpha motor neuron is stimulated to initiate contraction (monosynaptic) 4. Antagonist muscle relaxes (polysynaptic) 5. Helps maintain equilibrium and posture 6. Stabilizes joints by balancing extensors and flexors Ex: Heat tips forward when falling asleep and jerks backwards via reflex |
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31. Patellar reflex steps
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1. Extensor muscle stretched
2. Muscle spindle stimulated 3. Primary afferent neuron excited -Stimulates alpha motor neuron to extensor muscle -Stimulates inhibitory interneuron in brain 4. Interneuron inhibits the alpha motor neuron on flexor muscle 5. Alpha motor neuron stimulates extensors to contract 6. Flexor muscle relaxes |
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32. Flex (withdrawal) reflex
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Ipsilateral
1. Pain initiates flex in order to withdraw from the painful stimulus 2. Flexors contract/Extensors relax 3. Polysynaptic reflex arc |
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33. Crossed extensor reflex
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Contralateral
1. Occurs at the same time as the flex reflex 2. Extensors contract/flexors relax 3. Aids in maintaining balance |
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34. Muscle spindle
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Involved in sensing muscle acceleration and length
Directly sensitive to the length of the muscle fibers Located in the muscle belly and is found parallel with the muscle fibers Contains intrafusal muscle fibers (Nuclear chain fibers and Nuclear bag fibers) |
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35. Nuclear chain fibers
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Makes up the static/length component of stretch reflex
Long lasting; will last as long as the muscle is being stretched Type II sensory fibers (GVA) |
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36. Nuclear bag fibers
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Contribute to the dynamic acceleration components of the stretch reflex
Short lasting; participates in the initial part of the stretch Type Ia sensory fibers (GVA) |
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37. Innervation of muscle spindles
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Afferent:
Type Ia Type II Efferent: Gamma motor neurons |
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38. Type Ia fibers
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Keeps track of how fast a muscle stretches
Located in Nuclear bag fibers |
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39. Type II fibers
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Respond to changes in length
Aid in telling you the position of your leg after it stops moving Only found in nuclear chain fibers |
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40. Gamma motor neurons
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Participates in "alpha-gamma co-activation"
The extrafusal muscle fibers are activated by their alpha motor neurons and the gamma motor neuron will in turn react to maintain the sensitivity of the muscle spindle. |
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41. Golgi tendon organ
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1. Monitors muscle tension and can override stretch reflex before too great
2. Prevents muscle contraction by inhibiting alpha motor neurons (extrafusal fibers) 3. Resets muscle tone by stimulating gamma motor neurons 4. Relaxes a muscle after sustained contraction Located in tendons near junction w/a muscle or in series with a muscle fiber Contains Type Ib sensory fibers Excessive tension inhibits the muscle associated with the golgi tendon organ, leading to relaxation. |
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42. Joint receptors
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1. Detect joint angle
2. Trigger visceral efferents that modulate -increase synovial fluid -produce glycosaminoglycans and other joint macromolecules -increase blood/lymph flow to and from joint |
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43. Discuss proprioceptive malfunction in pathophysiology
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When trauma occurs:
1. spinal facilitation 2. increase gamma motor neuron activity 3. increase spindle sensitivity 4. increased receptor gain 5. experience restricted motion 6. asymmetry 7. hyperactivity 8. decreased circulation and lymph flow 9. ischemia, pain and edema |
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44. Empathy
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may aid in restoring normal function in psychological, spiritual, and psychosomatic areas
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45. Passive motion
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may help by
1. lysing extra connective tissue 2. increase synovial fluid formation 3. stimulate GAG formation 4. Stimulate mechano-receptors |
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46. HVLA
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1. Uses low force and high velocity
2. Resets muscle spindles 3. Exploits lengthening reflex by triggering the golgi tendon organ; muscle will relax |
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47. PNF (Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) Stretching
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1. Physical therapy
2. Utilizes the Golgi tendon organ 3. Patient fires muscle against physician's resistance 4. New end range is found after each stretch. |
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48. Composition of the innominates
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1. Ilium
2. Ischium (sit bones) 3. Pubes |
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49. True pelvic ligaments
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1. Anterior sacroiliac ligament
2. Interosseous ligaments 3. Posterior sacroiliac ligament Restrain posterior, lateral and axial rotation |
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50. Accessory pelvic ligaments
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1. Sacrotuberous ligament
2. *Iliolumbar ligament 3. Sacrospinous ligament Restrain anterior movement and rotation *Usually the first place where a person will have back pain. |
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51. Muscles affecting the hip and pelvis
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a. Flexors of the hip—iliopsoas (primarily), Sartorius, rectus femoris
b. Adductors of the hip – Gracilius, pectineus, adductor longus, brevis and magnus c. Abductors of the hip—gluteus minimus, gluteus medius (primarily) d. Hip extensors—gluteus maximus e. Rotators of the hip—piriformis (external rotator) located near sciatic n.—clinically important. Internal rotators--- gluteus minimus and medius |
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52. Joints of the pelvis
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SI (Sacroiliac joint)
-held together by ant. and post. sacroiliac ligaments and sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments. -weight bearing synovial joint Pubis symphysis -secondary cartilaginous joint (fibocartilage) held together by the sup. and inf. pubic ligaments which surround the fibrocartilage disc. |
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53. Osteology of the sacrum and pelvis
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1. Five segments (Fused)
-Movement is at the joints 2. Four coccygeal segments 3. Lumbosacral Facets -There can be a lot of deviation here due to congenital defects 4. Lumbosacral junction -May contain transitional vertebra -Can have lumbarization of the first sacral joint in which the first sacral vertebra looks like the 5th lumbar vertebra -Can also have sacralization 5. Ferguson’s angle -Line parallel to floor and line of inclination of sacrum (25-35 degrees) -Pregnancy can increase angle -Increased lumbar lordosis is possible |
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54. Isolated motion of the pelvis
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1. Sacral motion on the ilium
-sacrum flexes and extends while the ilium is fixed. Movements of the sacrum include flexion/extension and rotation. 2. Ilial motion on the sacrum -Movements of the ilium include anterior/posterior rotation, superior/inferior movements and medial/lateral flaring 3. Pubic motions -may be either superior or inferior -Also the caliper motion of the pubic symphysis can occur w/flexion and extension of the sacrum -Torsional motion of the pubic symphysis occurs w/tilting and swinging of the leg -Superior and inferior transitory slide (occurs with the weight bearing of one leg) |
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55. Extra notes on the innominates
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1. Sacral flexion/extension
-the force thru the lumbar spines on a middle transverse axis 2. Rotation of the sacrum -on a vertical axis 3. Lateral flexion is on an anteroposterior axis 4. Torsional motion of the sacrum is on the left or right oblique axis 5. Superior shear -the innominate bone is shifted up on the SI joint which is clinically important as this can cause physiological short leg |
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59. Axis of rotation of sacrum
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Picture
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56. Landmarks of the sacrum
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Sacral sulcus - superior and medial to the PSIS
Inferior lateral angle (ILA) |
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57. Transverse axis of rotation of the sacrum
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Superior
-located at S2 segment, posterior to SI joint -Respiration and craniosacral motion Middle -located at anterior convexity, S2 sacral body -Postural flexion and extension -Sacroiliac axis Inferior -Inferior limb of SI joint (looks like an L) -Ilial (innominate) rotation |
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58. Oblique axis of rotation of the sacrum
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1. Most likely a combination of two motions: Sidebending and Rotation
2. Right axis 3. Left axis Axes are named for where they come out at the base of the sacrum (base is top) |
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60. Physiologic motion of the sacrum and pelvis
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1. Postural
-Flexion/Extension (in anatomic flexion, the base of the sacrum moves anteriorly) -Rotation (vertical axis) -Sidebending (AP axis) -Torsion 2. Craniosacral motion 3. Respiratory motion 4. Dynamic motion |
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61. Standing flexion test
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If there's a problem, this will identify the side of the problem
Hook your thumbs under the patients PSIS and look to see if they move together when the patient is asked to bend over (flex). If one PSIS moves first and farther than the other, that side is the one with the dysfunction. *Cannot make a Dx from this test alone; need to do the seated flexion test |
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62. Seated flexion test
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Only sacral motion as the inominates are locked out.
If positive; Sacroiliac dysfunction If negative, but had a positive standing flexion test; iliosacral dysfunction If both tests are positive, can be combination of a bunch of dysfunctions. |
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63. Spring test
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1. Patient is prone, hand on LS junction
2. Gentle, rapid pressure applied 3. Good spring- negative test 4. Poor spring - positive test (Sacrum is locked in extension) |
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64. Three things needed to make a sacral Dx
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1. Sacral sulci
2. ILA's 3. Spring test |
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65. Forward sacral torsions
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Described relative to L5
Sacrum is flexed -The deep sulcus will be on the opposite side of the axis of rotation Includes: -Left on left -Right on Right |
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66. Backward sacral torsions
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The deep sulcus will be on the same side as the axis of rotation
Sacrum is extended Includes: Left on Right Right on Left |
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67. Left on Left
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Deep sulcus: right
Inferior/posterior ILA : left Seated flexion test: + on right Spring test: negative |
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68. Right on Right
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Deep sulcus: left
Inferior/posterior ILA : right Seated flexion test: + on left Spring test: negative |
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69. Left on Right
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Deep sulcus: right
Inferior/posterior ILA : left Seated flexion test: + on left Spring test: positive |
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70. Right on left
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Deep sulcus: left
Inferior/posterior ILA : right Seated flexion test: + on right Spring test: positive |
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71. Left unilateral
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Deep sulcus: left
Inferior/posterior ILA : left Seated flexion test: + on left Spring test: negative |
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72. Right unilateral
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Deep sulcus: right
Inferior/posterior ILA : right Seated flexion test: + on right Spring test: negative |
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73. Bilateral flexed
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Deep sulcus: left and right
Inferior/posterior ILA : left and right Seated flexion test: negative Spring test: negative |
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74. Bilateral extended
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Deep sulcus: shallow left and right
Spring test: positive |
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75. ASIS Compression test
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pt. supine, compress ASIS into the table bilaterally looking for
symmetry. Resistance indicates somatic dysfunction. Make sure to check in 3 different planes: 45 degree stiff arm cephalad (eval. Sup. pole), 45 degree stiff arm caudad (eval. Inf. pole), 90 degree straight into the table (eval. Middle pole). |
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76. Medial Malleoli Levelness
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check the level of the medial malleoli in comparison to one another. Make sure to have the pt. do the pelvis flip flop before you evaluate.
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77. Prone sacral motion test about an Oblique axis
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pt. prone, one finger on PSIS, one
finger in sacral sulcus, push on opposite ILA; if no movement felt, there is restriction on side where palpating fingers are (If you were to do a standing or seated flexion test, you would note that this PSIS might move cephalad due to restriction) |
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78. Ischial tuberosity spread
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pt. prone, flex pt. legs keeping knees together. Dr. kneels on
table straddling pt. legs to hold knees together. Palpate medial aspect of ischial tuberosities, push laterally on ischial tuberosities bilaterally while pushing outward on pt. legs with Dr.s forearms while pt. coughs. Repeat 3 times and reassess. |
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79. Anterior inominate rotation
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ASIS: more inferior
PSIS and Ischial tuberosity more superior on same side Ipsalateral leg may appear to be longer The side of the positive standing flexion test is the side on which the dysfunction is located and side on which the above signs will be found. |
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80. Posterior inominate rotation
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ASIS: more superior
PSIS and Ischial tuberosity more inferior on same side Ipsalateral leg may appear to be shorter The side of the positive standing flexion test is the side on which the dysfunction is located and side on which the above signs will be found. |
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81. Superior inominate shear
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Ischial Tuberosity, ASIS, PSIS, and med. malleoli more superior on same side
The side of the positive standing flexion test is the side on which the dysfunction is located and side on which the above signs will be found. |
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82. Inferior inominate shear
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Ischial Tuberosity, ASIS, PSIS, and med. malleoli more inferior on same side
The side of the positive standing flexion test is the side on which the dysfunction is located and side on which the above signs will be found. |
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83. Side note about pelvic diagnoses
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Note: A standing flexion test and a seated flexion test must be performed first, prior to evaluating any landmarks in the pelvis. Patients with somatic dysfunction in the pelvis will have a positive standing flexion test and a negative seated flexion test. If the patient were to have a positive standing flexion test and a positive seated flexion test, the somatic dysfunction would be present in the sacrum and the sacral landmarks should be evaluated. The pelvis should always be treated before the
sacrum. |
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84. Energy medicine
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Body is full of electrical impulses outside of nervous system. This energy is transmitted thru the fascia which interconnects everything in body.
The collagen in the cells allow for the Piezoelectric effect to occur. It is at this level in which structure and function come together. Integrins are elements of the cell that can connect the outside to the inside of the cell. By putting mechanical stress on the integrins via mechanical stress/EM energy can affect the internal functioning of the cell. |
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85. Piezoelectric theory
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the ability of some materials to generate electric protential
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86. Energy medicine II
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System of Dx's and Tx that utilize biophysical principles and energy
Uses biophysical energy in the form of tensegrity Diagnosis:Energy medicine already at play in conventional medicine!! Tools: X-ray, MRI, CT Scan, EKG, EEG, PET Scans |
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87. Energy medicine treatments
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Conventional – Tools that use electromagnetic energy
1. Ultrasound 2. Electrical stimulation 3. Magnatherm - relax muscles 4. TENS unit - Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation 5. Radiation therapy – cancer treatment 6. Gamma knife 7. Pacemaker, defibrillator 8. Laser therapies |
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88. OMT
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Dynamic strain Vector Release, Neurofascial release
Biomechanical, energetic OMT - change and fix somatic dysfunction |
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89. Acupuncture
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Neurophysiology or Oriental medical model (Life force model)
Widely accepted in Western medicine for the treatment of pain, nausea, and other conditions. (Insurance companies reimburse for the cost of acupuncture to treat dozens of diagnoses, a sure sign of acceptance in our culture.) |
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90. Meridian Regulation
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Form of acupuncture that measures the conductance at various points in the body and they can be changed thru EM energy
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91. Qi Gong
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1. Oriental medical form, use energy to heal and influence the energy flows through the body
2. wide variety of traditional “cultivation” practices that involve methods of accumulating, circulating, and working with Qi or energy within the body |
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92. Reiki
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Reiki (pronounced Rei-Ki) is one of the most ancient healing arts known
to mankind. It originated in Tibet. Reiki is a healing system that works with both the energy and chakra systems within the body, plus all the associated energy auras. Reiki is a technique for total healing, stress reduction and relaxation. Using Reiki energy it is possible to tap into the unlimited supply of "universal life force energy" in order to improve health and enhance the quality of life. “Rei” (universal, cosmic life force) “Ki” (the flowing life-force that binds everything and some know this as Chi, Prana or simply bio-energy etc…) |
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93. Therapeutic touch/healing touch
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This technique is a form of energy medicine in which the practitioner’s hands are moved over a person’s body, often without direct contact, to break up energy blockages and promote healing. Therapeutic touch works with a person’s individual energy field, a concept that has its roots in the Chinese concept of Qi, the Ayurvedic principle of prana (life force), and the ancient practice of laying on of hands. Numerous studies have shown its efficacy in decreasing pain and anxiety, reducing the need for medication post-surgery, and increasing hemoglobin levels. It is now part of the core curriculum at many nursing schools.
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94. Jin Shin
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1. Energy meridian therapy with acupuncture
A High Touch Jin Shin treatment is a way to open the body's energy flow by gently touching and holding certain points on a person's fully clothed body. The process is much like a jumper cable's "jump start". The energy from the hands sparks the body's energy system opening the blockage. Once the congested point is opened, the nourishing and cleansing bodily energy can flow along its designated path. |
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95. Chakra therapies
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Each chakra is a vortex, spinning life-force energy into or out of the body. In fact, the word chakra is from the Sanskrit word meaning "wheel of light".
There are 7 major chakras connected to and a part of the physical body. All are located on the torso and head. Each chakra transmits and receives life-force energy often called "chi" (or "qi"), "prana", or "universal intelligence". There are also many minor chakras, most of which are located at the joints of the physical body. Each chakra resonates with a particular frequency of vibration and are an integral part of Vibrational Medicine. Chakras are balanced by inviting them back to their natural state of vibration & frequency using color, light, sound, aroma, touch, etc. By stimulating the senses in a favorable way, the nervous system and therefore, the chakras are balanced. |
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96. Magnetic therapies
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The use of static magnetic fields. Practitioners claim that subjecting certain parts of the body to magnetostatic fields produced by permanent magnets has beneficial health effects. Magnet therapy is considered pseudoscientific due to both physical and biological implausibility, as well as a lack of any established effect on health or healing.
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97. Chelation therapy
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Is an intravenously administered process used within the alternative medical community for many years to treat patients with dangerous levels of lead and other toxins in their system. In EDTA chelation therapy, a manmade amino acid known as ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid acts as a “magnet” traveling throughout the body to bind (chelate) heavy metals and minerals, allowing them to be excreted through urination
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98. Polarity therapy
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Using touch, verbal interaction, exercise, nutrition and other methods, practitioners of Polarity Therapy seek to balance and restore the natural flow of energy which, it is claimed, flows from the universe and into the body through the chakras. The aim is to re-establish "balance". In addition to polarity bodywork, specific polarity yoga exercises, counseling/positive thinking, and nutritional recommendations are used to enhance vitality.
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99. Could somatic dysfunction be an energetic dysfunction?
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Einstein: matter and energy are interchangeable; create currents in the body by moving structures in the body
Physical problems can energy dysfunction and vise versa |
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100. Healing frequencies
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Difference frequencies stimulate different healing capacities in the body
Non-Union Bone breaks – creates electrical energy to stimulate bone healing (7Hz) Nerve Regeneration – 2 Hz Ligament Healing – 10 Hz |
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101. Connection btwn brain and earth
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Schumann Resonance 8 Hz
Connection outside of ourselves Brain Waves – different frequency Mediation – operates at 8Hz, alpha waves Interconnection between the earth frequency and the brain frequency – human body is a transducer between the mind and universe |
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102. C3-C7 vertebrae
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Follow Type 2 mechanics
Thickest of spinal disk Disk height:vertebral body ratio (2:5) Wedge shaped Form palpable articular pillars Great deal of motion -Rotation and sidebending occur on the same side -Move least in flexion and extension -No "neutral" position (in lordosis) |
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103. OA joint
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Follows Type 1 mechanics
Motion is limited by musculoligamentous attachments; no bone Primary flexion and extension movements (Yes-motions) Virtually no sidebending and rotation The occiput (sphere for articulation with atlas) translates posteriorly during flexion and opposite during extension |
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104. AA joint
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Nearly pure rotation about the dens
Somatic dysfunction occurs in rotation "No" motion 4 facets, all convex, wobble in flexion and extensions, no sidebending. Ex: Rotation right. Left facets slide uphill, right facets slide downhill |
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105. Cervicothoracic junction
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C7-T1
Transitional junction/ cervical lordosis, throkyphosis Somatic dysfunction is common and difficult to treat Rheumatoid arthritis can result in excessive laxity of the transverse ligament of the axis. Causing instability of the joint. |
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106. Final compensator of spine
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Occipitalatlanto & atlantoaxial joints- functionally make a universal swivel joint.
They are the final compensator of the spine, keeping the eyes level & promoting binocular visions. C2-C3 sustain an enormous amount of stress, between final compensator and rest of the spine. Common location for chronic somatic dysfunction. |
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107. Joints of Luschka
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AKA: Unciform Joints.
specialized set of synovial joints on the lateral edges of the cervical vertebrae. An adaptation for upright posture- develops around 8-10 years - serve as “guide rails” for flexion and extension. - limit side slipping – dysfunction would cause slide slipping to occur. - occurs with coupled motion of rotation and sidebending |
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108. Occipital Condylar Compression
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(common in infants during traumatic birth)
can affect cranial nerves IX, X, XI. Resulting in poor suck, swallow, difficulties eating, emesis, hiccups, congenital torticollis and possible pyloric stenosis. |
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109. Dates (again)
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1828- Birth of A.T. Still
1874- Flung the banner of Osteopathy 1892- American School of Osteopahy 1917- Death of A.T. Still 1961- California experience |
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Ayurveda
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Originating over 5000 years ago in India, ayurvedic medicine predates all other known medical systems. This ancient form of healing stresses the mind-body-spirit connection. Ayurvedic doctors believe that prana — or life force — responds to equivalent treatments in a different way in each person. Healing and preventative regimens are customized specifically around a person’s body and spiritual type, or dosha. Ayurvedic medicine encompasses meditation, yoga, bodywork, aromatic oils, diet and medicinal herbs to foster balance in the body and cleanse impurities.
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Homeopathy
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Founded in early 19th century Europe, homeopathy is a medical discipline based on the ancient law of similars: the same substances that cause an illness will cure it when administered in infinitesimally small doses. (Vaccines operate on a similar principle). Using serially diluted remedies from natural sources, homeopaths (most of whom are naturopaths) treat and prevent illness using one medicine at a time at the lowest dosage possible to create the required response.
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Naturopathy
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applies to a belief system that holds the body as innately capable of recovering from injury and disease, and that health is the natural state. Most naturopaths implement elements from various alternative methods to create health, including homeopathy, herbal medicines, acupuncture, nutrition therapy, and bodywork. Naturopathy has its roots in ancient medicinal practices, but took form as a separate discipline in Germany in the 19th century. Founded on the precepts of a medical regimen of hydrotherapy, exercise, fresh air, sunlight, and herbal remedies, this system has evolved today to include a wide spectrum of holistic practitioners.
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Aromatherapy
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Aromatherapy and Flower Essences are two separate and very different approaches to healing that utilize plants to effect changes and thereby heal our bodies. Aromatherapy utilizes volatile liquid plant materials, including essential oils and other aromatic compounds of plants, to relax our bodies or stimulate its function, especially our senses. Essential oils are very aromatic, but that is an added side benefit — their healing actions are quite physiological. For example, they can stimulate the limbic system and emotional centers of the brain, activate thermal receptors on the skin, act as natural antibiotics and fungicides, and possibly enhance the immune response in other ways not fully understood.
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