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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Technological innovation
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The discovery and development of new or improved products, services, or processes for producing or providing them.
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Technology
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The application of scientific discoveries to the development and improvement of products and services and operations processes.
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Project
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A non-repetitive set of activities directed toward a unique goal within a limited time frame.
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Product or service profiling
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Linking key product or service requirements to process capabilities.
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Automation
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Machinery that has sensing and control devices that enable it to operate automatically.
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Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
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The use of computers in process control.
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Numerically controlled (N/C) machines.
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Machines that perform operations by following mathematical processing instructions.
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Robot
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A machine consisting of a mechanical arm, a power supply, and a controller.
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Product layout
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Layout that uses standardized processing operations to achieve smooth, rapid, high-volume flow.
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Production line
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Standardized layout arranged according to a fixed sequence of production tasks.
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Assembly line
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Standardized layout arranged according to a fixed sequence of assembly tasks.
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Process layouts
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Layouts that can handle varied processing requirements.
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Intermittent processing
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Non-repetitive processing.
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Fixed-position layout
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Layout in which the product or project remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved as needed.
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Cellular production
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Layout in which workstations are grouped into a cell that can process items that have similar processing requirements.
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Group technology
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The grouping to part families of items with similar design or manufacturing characteristics.
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Flexible manufacturing system (FMS)
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A group of machines designed to handle intermittent processing requirements and produce a variety of similar products.
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Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
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A system for linking a broad range of manufacturing activities through an integrating computer system.
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Line balancing
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The process of assigning tasks to workstations in such a way that the workstations have approximately equal time requirements.
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Cycle time
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The maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks on a unit.
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Precedence diagram
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A diagram that shows elemental tasks and their precedence requirements.
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Balance delay
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Percentage of idle time of a line.
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Objective function
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Mathematical statement of profit (or cost, etc.) for a given solution.
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Decision variables
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Amounts of either inputs or outputs.
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Constraints
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Limitations that restrict the available alternatives.
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Feasible solution space
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The set of all feasible combinations of decision variables s defined by the constraints.
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Parameters
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Numerical constraints
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Graphical linear programming
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Graphical method for finding optimal solutions to two-variable problems.
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Redundant constraint
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A constraint that does not form a unique boundary other feasible solution space.
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Enumeration approach
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Substituting the coordinates of each corner point into the objective function to determine which corner point is optimal.
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Building constraint
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A constraint that forms that optimal corner point of the feasible solution space.
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Surplus
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When the values of decision variables are substituted into a ≥ constraint the amount by which the resulting value exceeds the right-side value.
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Slack
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When the values of decision variables are substituted into a ≤ constraint the amount by which the resulting value is less than the right-side value.
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Simplex
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A linear programming algorithm that can solve problems having more than two decision variables.
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Sensitivity analysis
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Assessing the impact of potential changes to the numerical values of an LP model.
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Range of optimality
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Range of values over which the solution quantities of all the decision variables remain the same.
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Shadow price
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Amount by which the value of the objective function would change with a one-unit change in the RHS value of a constraint.
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Range of feasibility
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Range of values for the RHS of a constraint over which the shadow price remains the same.
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