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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Quality control
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A process that evaluates output relative to a standard and takes corrective action when output doesn't meet standards.
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Inspection
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Appraisal of goods or services.
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Quality of conformance
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A product or service conforms to specifications.
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Statistical process control (SPC)
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Statistical evaluation of the output of a process.
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Random variation
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Natural variation in the output of a process, created by countless minor factors.
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Assignable variation
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In process output, a variation whose cause can be identified. A nonrandom variation.
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Sampling distribution
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A theoretical distribution of sample statistics.
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Central limit theorem
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The distribution of sample averages tends to be normal regardless of the shape of the process distribution.
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Control chart
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A time-ordered plot of sample statistics, used to distinguish between random and nonrandom variation.
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Control limits
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The dividing lines between random and nonrandom deviations from the mean of the distribution.
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Type I error
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Concluding a process is not in control when it actually is.
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Type II error
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Concluding a process is in control when it is not.
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Variables
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Generate data that are measured.
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Attributes
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Generate data that are counted.
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Mean control chart
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Control chart used to monitor the central tendency of a process.
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Range control chart
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Control chart used to monitor process dispersion.
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p-chart
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Control chart for attributes, used to monitor the proportion of defective items in a process.
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c-chart
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Control chart for attributes, used to monitor the number of defects per unit.
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Run test
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A test for patterns in a sequence.
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Specifications
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A range of acceptable values established by engineering design or customers requirements.
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Process variability
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Natural or inherent variability in a process.
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Process capability
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The inherent variability of process output relative to the variation allowed by the design specification.
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Acceptance sampling
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A form of inspection applied to lots or batches of items before or after a process, to judge conformance with predetermined standards.
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Sampling plans
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Plans that specify lot size,sample size, number of samples, and acceptance/rejection criteria.
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Operating characteristic (OC) curve
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Probability curve that shows the probabilities of accepting lots with various fractions defective.
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Acceptable quality level (AQL)
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The percentage level of defects at which consumers willing to accept as "good."
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Lot tolerance percent defective (LTPD)
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The upper limit on the percentage of defects that a consumer is willing to accept.
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Consumer's risk
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The probability that a lot containing defects exceeding the LTPD will be accepted.
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Producer's risk
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The probability that a lot containing the acceptable quality level will be rejected.
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Average outgoing quality (AOQ)
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Average of rejected lots (100 percent inspection) and accepted lots (a sample of items inspected).
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