Opioid

Front 1

Antidote used for opioid toxicity

Back 1

Naloxone (IV), naltrexone (PO)

Front 2

Opioid associated with respiratory depression, but is used in high risk patients who may not survive full general anesthesia

Back 2

Fentanyl

Front 3

Inhibit synaptic activity of primary afferents and spinal cord pain transmission neurons

Back 3

Ascending pathways

Front 4

Activation of these receptors close calcium ion channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release

Back 4

Presynaptic mu, delta, and kappa receptors

Front 5

Activation of these receptors open potassium channels to cause membrane hyperpolarization

Back 5

Postsynaptic mu receptors

Front 6

Tolerance to all effects of opioid agonists can develop except to:

Back 6

Miosis and constipation

Front 7

All opioids except this agent(which has a muscarinic blocking action) cause pupillary constriction

Back 7

Meperidine

Front 8

SE of opioid analgesics

Back 8

Dependence, withdrawal syndrome, sedation, euphoria, respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, constipation, biliary spasm, increased urethral and bladder tone, and reduction in uterine tone

Front 9

Morphine, methadone, meperidine, and fentanyl

Back 9

Strong opioid agonists

Front 10

Opioids used in anesthesia

Back 10

Morphine and fentanyl

Front 11

Opioid used in the management of withdrawal states

Back 11

Methadone

Front 12

Opioid available trans-dermally

Back 12

Fentanyl

Front 13

Opioid that can be given PO, by epidural and IV; helps to relieve the dyspnea of pulmonary edema

Back 13

Morphine

Front 14

Use of this opioid with a MAOI can lead to hyperpyrexic coma; use with SSRIs can lead to serotonin syndrome

Back 14

Meperidine

Front 15

Codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone

Back 15

Moderate opioid agonists

Front 16

Weak opioid agonist that is a poor analgesic; its overdose can cause severe toxicity, including respiratory depression, circulatory collapse, pulmonary edema and seizures

Back 16

Propoxyphene

Front 17

Partial opioid agonist, considered a strong analgesic, has a long DOA and is resistant to naloxone reversal

Back 17

Buprenorphine

Front 18

Opioid antagonist that is given IV and has a short DOA

Back 18

Naloxone

Front 19

Opioid antagonist that is given orally in alcohol dependency programs

Back 19

Naltrexone

Front 20

Opioids that are used as antitussives

Back 20

Dextromethorphan, Codeine

Front 21

Opioids used as antidiarrheals

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Diphenoxylate, loperamide

Front 22

Opioids that undergo extensive first pass metabolism

Back 22

Morphine, hydromorphone, and oxymorphone

Front 23

Toxic effect on fetus due to opioids' ability to cross the placental barrier

Back 23

Respiratory depression and with continuous exposure physical dependence in neonates

Front 24

Primary metabolite of opioids that is neuroexcitatory

Back 24

morphine-3-glucuronide

Front 25

Opioids that have a major increase in peak serum levels after ingestion of alcohol

Back 25

Hydromorphone and oxymorphone

Front 26

Metabolite of meperidine that may cause seizures at high plasma levels

Back 26

Normeperidine

Front 27

Opioid receptors located on neurons in the midbrain and medulla that function in pain modulation

Back 27

Descending pathways

Front 28

Opioid receptor whose activation plays a major role in the respiratory depressant actions of opioids

Back 28

mu-receptor

Front 29

Opioid receptor whose activation appears to be involved in sedative actions

Back 29

kappa receptor

Front 30

Opioid receptor whose activation may play a role in the development of tolerance

Back 30

delta receptor

Front 31

How opioid analgesics inhibit synaptic activity

Back 31

Partly through direct activation of opioid receptors and partly through release of the endogenous opioid peptides, which are themselves inhibitory

Front 32

Opioid actions in this part of the brain lead to inhibition of the respiratory center, with decrease in response to CO2 challenge

Back 32

Medulla

Front 33

Reason opioid analgesics are contraindicated in head injuries

Back 33

Increase in PCO2 may cause cerebrovascular dilation resulting in increased blood flow and increased intracranial pressure

Front 34

Causes the nausea associated with opioids

Back 34

Activation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone

Front 35

Basis for clinical use of opioids as antidiarrheal agent and adverse effects of constipation

Back 35

Decreased intestinal peristalsis mediated by effects on opioid receptors in the enteric nervous system

Front 36

Opioids (with the exception of meperidine) effects on smooth muscle

Back 36

Contraction

Front 37

Opioid antagonist that blocks miosis

Back 37

naloxone (AKA atropine)

Front 38

Block opioid tolerance

Back 38

Antagonist of glutamate NMDA receptors and delta receptor antagonist

Front 39

Intense form of withdrawal that results from admin of opioid antagonist to a physically dependent patient

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Precipitated withdrawal

Front 40

Large doses of this opioid used as an antitussive may cause hallucinations, confusion, excitation, changes in pupil size, nystagmus, seizures, coma and respiratory depression

Back 40

Dextromethorphan

Front 41

A triad of pupillary constriction, comatose state, and respiratory depression

Back 41

Opioid overdose

Front 42

Mixed action of buprenorphine

Back 42

mu receptor agonist; kappa and delta antagonist

Front 43

Adverse Effects of mixed agonist-antagonists

Back 43

Dizziness, sweating, nausea, anxiety, hallucinations and nightmares

Front 44

Opioid antagonists have the greatest affinity for this receptor

Back 44

mu