Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
THE ONLY 3
opiates |
morphine,
codeine & thebaine. |
|
|
Opioid
|
Natural or synthetic exogenous drug that mimics morphine.
|
|
|
Endorphin
|
Endogenous morphine mimic.
|
|
|
ionise
|
Morphine’s hydroxyl groups are prone to ionise;
|
|
|
not ionise
|
Non-ionised molecules’ (e.g., heroin) have high fat
solubility |
|
|
Why does fat solubility increase heroin’s potency?3
|
Oral morphine must pass through the intestine and the blood-brain barrier before getting to the
the CNS. Intestinal and BBB cells have bilayered phospholipid membrane The membrane’s middle portion (pairs of non-ionic lipids [fat] chains), is rather impenetrable to ionised molecules (e.g., morphine) but will let pass non-ionised molecules (e.g., heroin). |
|
|
name 3 receptors
|
Exogenous opioids, like morphine, hijack the endogenous system.
3 types of receptor have been identified: µ (mu) κ (kappa) δ (delta) |
|
|
areas primarily effected by opiates
|
intestines, central nervous system
|
|
|
Initial Effect-flushed/warm skin
|
Subsequent Effect-goosebumps
|
|
|
Initial Effect-hypothermia
|
Subsequent Effect-hyperthermia
|
|
|
Initial Effect-pupil constriction
|
Subsequent Effect-pupil dilation
|
|
|
Initial Effect-decrease in bp
|
Subsequent Effect-increase in bp
|
|
|
Initial Effect-euphoria
|
Subsequent Effect-dysphoria
|
|
|
Initial Effect-respiratory depression
|
Subsequent Effect-yawning
|
|
|
Initial Effect-analgesia
|
Subsequent Effect-pain
|
|
|
Initial Effect-constipation
|
Subsequent Effect-diarrhoea
|
|
|
Constriction: of pupil
|
miosis
|
|
|
Dilation: of pupil
|
mydriasis
|
|
|
Thorndike
|
Actions that obtain favourable outcomes are more likely to be repeated
|
|
|
u receptor
|
high affinity with morphine and related opiate drugs.
|
|
|
quirion and pilapil
|
u receptor in brain
|
|
|
s receptors
|
similar to u receptors but more restricted. found in forebrain structures.
|
|
|
k receptors
|
distinct distribution. binding to ketocyclazocine-hallucinogens and dysphoria.found in stratum and amygdala and hypothalamus and pituaitary. participate in regulate of pain perception and water balance.
|
|
|
robinson and berridge
|
propose that in case of substance abuse the motivation to approach better called craving/desire of drug undergoes sensitization.
|
|
|
opiates depres
|
CNS
|
|
|
symptoms of withdrawal
|
pain, dysphoria, restlessness, fearfulness, flu like nature symptoms
|
|
|
himmelsbach
|
acute administration of morphine disrupts the organism's homeostatis, but repeated administration of the drug initiates an adaptive mechanism that compensates for the original effects and returns to the normal homeostatis. tolerance to the drug would have occurred since the same dose of morphine no longer produces the original disturbance.when morphine administration is abruptly stopped, the drug effects on the body are terminated but the adaptive mechanism remains active and overcompensates.-disruption of homeostatis-withdrawal syndrome.
|
|
|
siegel and tiffany
|
conditioning, propose that narcotic tolerance is in part the result of the learning of an association between the effects of the drug and environmental cues that reliably precede the drug effects.
|
|
|
childress
|
changes in limbic system neural activity as measured by PET scans of increased cerebral blood flow in drug users who were merely exposed o drug cues that increase their craving. the brain areas activated by the drug (cocaine).
|
|
|
wikler
|
detoxified rats showed an increase in withdrawal 'wet dog' shakes when returned to a physically distinctive cage where they had undergone morphine withdrawal several months earlier.
|
|
|
o'brien
|
presented reports of addicts who describe withdrawal symptoms when they visit areas of prior drug use even years after the withdrawal syndrome has ended.
|
