Ophthalmology - Abo/okap - Fundamentals

Front 1

1. Type 1 error
2. Type 2 error

Back 1

1. Also alpha error, rejeCt null when in fact the the results occurred by chance (1c=type 1)
2. beta error, aCCept the null when in fact there is a difference (2c=type2)

Front 2

Sensitivity =

Back 2

TP/(TP +FN)

Front 3

Specificity =

Back 3

TN/(TN + FP)

Front 4

PPV =

Back 4

TP/(TP + FP)

Front 5

NPV =

Back 5

TN/(TN +FN)

Front 6

Multivariate analysis

Back 6

used when many factors can affect an outcome.
i.e. regression analysis, logistic regression, Cox hazard function

Front 7

ANOVA

Back 7

determines if two means of data are identical

Front 8

t-test

Back 8

determines if two means are far enough apart to be different

Front 9

Chi-square

Back 9

determines whether more than two data sets can be considered equal.

Front 10

Which pathway is not blocked by NSAIDs

Back 10

Lipoxygenase pathway; leukotriene production

Front 11

Steroids that can potentially increase IOP and their order

Back 11

dex>pred>lot>FML>hydrocortisone>tetrahydrotriamcinolone

Front 12

1. At 6wks of dexamethasone Tx. what % had IOP >20,
2. what % had IOP >30

Back 12

1. 42%
2. 6%

Front 13

Cipro has increasing resistance to what bacteria?

Back 13

Strep

Front 14

Duration of anesthesia
1. proparacaine
2. lidocaine
3. mepivacaine
4. bupivacaine

Back 14

1. 20min
2. 1-2hrs
3. 2-3hrs
4. up to 8hrs

Front 15

Innervation of the cornea

Back 15

via CN-V1-> nasociliary n. -> long posterior ciliary n.

Front 16

Iris innervation

Back 16

Sensory: V1/long posterior ciliary
Motor: Short ciliary n.
- parasymp: EWnucleus ->ciliary ganglion
- symp: sup cervical ganglion

Front 17

Identify the destination of these arteries:
1. short posterior ciliary arteries
2. long posterior ciliary arteries
3. short anterior ciliary arteries

Back 17

1. optic disc & choroid
2. choroid, ciliary body & iris
3. oculomotor muscles, sclera & conjunctiva

Front 18

Aqueous humor vs plasma:
1. Low ions/molecules
2. High ions/molecules

Back 18

1. calcium & phosphorus (~1/2 of plasma), protein
2. ascorbate (15x), sometimes Chloride & Bicarb (at times 20-30% above plasma)

Front 19

Aqueous production, volume and turnover

Back 19

2-3uL/min, 250 in AC, 60 in PC, 1%/min

Front 20

Each photoreceptor renews it's outer segment every ______ days

Back 20

10 days

Front 21

Where is the RPE Na - K pump located and what is its importance?

Back 21

it is located at the apical surface and it is important for maintaining the environment of the subretinal space

Front 22

Which is more sensitive to light rods or cones

Back 22

rods. they are 100-1000 more sensitive than cones.

Front 23

Lens brunescenceis cause by

Back 23

insoluble protein accumulation

Front 24

Name 5 protective molecules against free radicals in the lens:

Back 24

superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase, Vitamin C, Vitamin E

Front 25

Describe adrenochrome deposits

Back 25

dark deposits on the conjunctiva caused by epinephrine. They are benign

Front 26

Natamycin is not effective against what fungus

Back 26

Mucor - use ampho -B

Front 27

Treatment of acanthamoeba

Back 27

neomycin, natamycin, miconazole, propamadine, dibromopropamidine, polyhexamthylene biguanide, chlorhexidine

Front 28

Name two photodisruptive lasers

Back 28

Yag, femtosecond

Front 29

Name a laser that is used for photoablation

Back 29

Excimer

Front 30

Is taratogenisity a reason to stop a clinical trial

Back 30

no. i.e. cancer meds

Front 31

Is a lamellar laceratin an open or closed globe injury?

Back 31

usually closed

Front 32

Approx how many people in the world have profound visual loss?

Back 32

45 mill (worse than 20/400)