Ophthalmology

Front 1

glaucoma

Back 1

A disease of the eye characterized
by increased intraocular pressure,
resulting in atrophy of the optic
nerve and possibly leading to
blindness.

Front 2

myopia

Back 2

Nearsightedness.

Front 3

hyperopia

Back 3

Farsightedness.

Front 4

conjunctivitis

Back 4

Inflammation of the conjunctiva,
also known as “pink
eye.”

Front 5

keratitis

Back 5

Inflammation of the cornea.

Front 6

monochromatism

Back 6

Complete color blindness in which
all colors are perceived as shades of
gray.

Front 7

hyphema

Back 7

Blood in the anterior chamber of the
eye.

Front 8

retinal detachment

Back 8

A separation of the retina from the
choroid layer of the eye.

Front 9

chalazion

Back 9

A small, hard, benign tumor similar
to a sebaceous cyst that develops
on the eyelid. It is nonmalignant and
often requires incision and drainage
(I & D).

Front 10

nystagmus

Back 10

Constant,involuntary, cyclical
movement of the eyeball in any direction.

Front 11

presbyopia

Back 11

A form of farsightedness associated
with the aging process.

Front 12

retinopathy

Back 12

Any disorder or disease of the retina.

Front 13

exotropia

Back 13

Outward turning of the eye(s).
Also known as “wall eye.”

Front 14

esotropia

Back 14

Inward turning of the eye(s). Also
known as “cross eye.”

Front 15

retinoblastoma

Back 15

A malignant tumor of the retina,
usually unilateral, that occurs in
young children and usually is
hereditary.

Front 16

cataract

Back 16

Degenerative condition of the lens of the eye characterized by loss of transparency. A gray
-white opacity can be observed within the lens.

Front 17

amblyopia

Back 17

A condition that occurs in children
in which one eye has poorer vision
than the other. (Literally, “dim
vision.”)

Front 18

blepharoptosis

Back 18

Drooping of the upper eyelid.

Front 19

astigmatism

Back 19

A condition in which a ray of light
entering the eye is spread over a
diffuse area, rather than being
sharply focused in one point on
the retina. (Literally, “condition of
without a point.”)

Front 20

hordeolum (sty)

Back 20

A small abscess of the oil gland associated with an eyelash. It typically contains Staphylococcus
aureus bacteria. Treatment usually includes warm compresses and antibiotics.

Front 21

macular degeneration

Back 21

A progressive deterioration of the
macular tissue of the retina, an
area important in the visualization
of fine details.

Front 22

hemianopia

Back 22

Blindness in one-half of the visual field.

Front 23

strabismus

Back 23

Failure of the eyes to gaze in the
same direction due to weakness in
the ocular muscles.

Front 24

nyctalopia

Back 24

Poor vision at night or in dim light;
also called “night blindness.”

Front 25

trachoma

Back 25

A chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is one
of the leading causes of blindness in the world.

Front 26

tonometry

Back 26

Measurement of the intraocular
pressure (IOP) of the eye.

Front 27

slit lamp biomicroscopy

Back 27

Use of a slit lamp (lamp emitting intense light through
a small opening) and a microscope to evaluate the conjunctiva, cornea,iris, lens, and vitreous humor.

Front 28

iridectomy

Back 28

Surgical removal (excision) of as mall segment of the iris.The procedure is usually done to relieve
increased IOP in the treatment of glaucoma.

Front 29

scleral buckling

Back 29

Surgical procedure to repair retinal
detachment. It involves placing a
silicone implant along with a
beltlike device around the sclera.

Front 30

visual acuity test

Back 30

Standard test of visual acuity in which a person is asked to read letters and numbers on a chart 20
feet away with the use of a Snellen chart.

Front 31

fundoscopy

Back 31

The use of an ophthalmoscope to
examine the innermost structures of
the eye; synonymous with
ophthalmoscopy
.

Front 32

laser photocoagulation

Back 32

Surgical procedure using an argon laser to stimulate coagulation of tissue and blood vessels in the interior of the eye.

Front 33

perimetry test

Back 33

A test that measures the range of
peripheral vision. Also known as
visual field testing.

Front 34

fluorescein angiography

Back 34

An imaging procedure that uses an orange-colored, fluorescent dye and a special camera to take pictures
and analyze the blood circulation in the retina and choroid.

Front 35

extracapsular cataract surgery

Back 35

An older cataract surgery technique in
which a 12 mm. incision is made in
the eye in order to extract the lens as
a whole.

Front 36

gonioscopy

Back 36

A newer cataract surgery technique in
which a 3 mm. incision is made in the
eye and an ultrasound or laser probe
is used to break the lens into tiny
particles, which are then suctioned out
of the eye.

Front 37

orthoptic training

Back 37

Eye muscle exercises prescribed to
correct strabismus and restore the
normal coordination of the eyes.

Front 38

radial keratotomy

Back 38

A surgical procedure that is done to
decrease nearsightedness. It
involves making highly precise radial
incisions in the cornea.

Front 39

gonioscopy

Back 39

Examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye with agonioscope or with a contact prism
lens. The test can differentiate between closed-angle and open-angle glaucoma.

Front 40

vitrectomy

Back 40

A procedure in which the vitreous humor is drained out of the eye and replaced with saline. (Literally,
“surgical removal of the vitreous humor.”)

Front 41

trabeculoplasty

Back 41

Surgical procedure on the trabecular meshwork (drainage canals) of the eye. It is done to allow the escape
of aqueous humor in the treatment of glaucoma.

Front 42

blindness

Back 42

the inability to see

Front 43

corneal abrasion

Back 43

the rubbing off of the outer layers of the cornea.

Front 44

keratitis

Back 44

inflammation of the cornea.

Front 45

diabetic

Back 45

retinal damage characterized by tiny aneurysms in blood vessels, hemorrhage, macular edema, etc.

Front 46

ophthalmoscopy

Back 46

visual examination of the interior structures of the eye using an ophthalmscope; synonymous wiht fundoscopy.

Front 47

phacoemulsification

Back 47

this technique (often called simple Phaco) has become the preferred technique for cataract extraction.

Front 48

corneal transplant

Back 48

the surgical transplantation of a donor cornea (from a cadaver) into the eye of a recipient.

Front 49

trabeculectomy

Back 49

surgical removal of the trabecular meshwork (drainage canals) in order to increase the outflow of aqueous humor in patients with severe glaucoma.

Front 50

aqueous humor

Back 50

Clear, watery fluid in the anterior (front ) portion of the eye.

Front 51

binocular vision

Back 51

normal vision involving the simultaneous use of both eyes.

Front 52

choroid

Back 52

the middle layer of the eye.

Front 53

diplopia

Back 53

double vision

Front 54

fundus ( of the eye)

Back 54

the posterior, inner part of the eye that can be directly visualized with an ophthalmoscope.

Front 55

intraocular pressure

Back 55

the internal pressure within the eyeball.

Front 56

macula

Back 56

a small, highly sensitive part of the retina that is responsible for detailed central vision.

Front 57

optic nerve

Back 57

the nerve that transmits impulses from the retina to the cerebral cortex in the brain.

Front 58

pupil

Back 58

dark opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

Front 59

refraction

Back 59

the bending of light rays as they pass through the various structures of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina.

Front 60

retina

Back 60

the light-sensitive, inner layer of tissue at the back of the eye.

Front 61

sclera

Back 61

the white of the eye the protective, outer layer of the eye.

Front 62

trabecular meshwork

Back 62

a network of fibers (sometimes called drainage canals) that is responsible for draining the aqueous humor from the eye.

Front 63

vitreous humors

Back 63

The clear, jelly-like substance that fills the posterior part of the eye.